Association of pulse pressure index and chronic kidney disease
| Subject | Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Pulse pressure index | |||||
| <30 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| 30–40 | 1.672 (0.977–2.861) | 0.061 | 1.005 (0.560–1.804) | 0.986 | |
| 40–50 | 3.412 (2.033–5.725) | <0.001 | 1.338 (0.730–2.452) | 0.346 | |
| ≥50 | 6.667 (3.795–11.713) | <0.001 | 2.255 (1.156–4.398) | 0.017 | |
| Age (y) | |||||
| 30–40 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| 40–50 | 1.986 (0.431–9.157) | 0.379 | 1.879 (0.405–8.718) | 0.421 | |
| 50–60 | 3.005 (0.709–12.730) | 0.135 | 2.893 (0.668–12.539) | 0.156 | |
| 60–70 | 7.353 (1.796–30.104) | 0.006 | 6.307 (1.475–26.963) | 0.013 | |
| 70–80 | 15.141 (3.712–61.760) | <0.001 | 10.403 (2.414–44.822) | 0.002 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Female | 0.632 (0.491–0.815) | <0.001 | 0.410 (0.309–0.544) | <0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| <25 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| ≥25 | 0.854 (0.665-1.096) | 0.215 | 0.995 (0.764-1.296) | 0.969 | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.604 (0.433–0.842) | 0.003 | 0.496 (0.345–0.714) | <0.001 | |
| Smoking | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.827 (0.572–1.194) | 0.310 | 0.927 (0.621–1.384) | 0.712 | |
| Regular physical activity | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.659 (0.502–0.866) | 0.003 | 0.692 (0.521–0.919) | 0.011 | |
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 2.154 (1.673–2.774 | <0.001 | 1.617 (1.241–2.107) | <0.001 | |
| Dyslipidemia | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.200 (0.768–1.877) | 0.424 | 1.514 (0.947–2.420) | 0.083 | |
Multivariable: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, regular physical activity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, pulse pressure index.
OR and 95% CI were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.