Association of pulse pressure index and diabetes
| Subject | Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Pulse pressure index | |||||
| <30 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| 30–40 | 1.598 (1.224–2.086) | <0.001 | 1.535 (1.167–2.019) | 0.002 | |
| 40–50 | 2.404 (1.841–3.141) | <0.001 | 2.123 (1.571–2.867) | <0.001 | |
| ≥50 | 4.056 (2.876–5.719) | <0.001 | 3.719 (2.565–5.390) | <0.001 | |
| Age (y) | |||||
| 30–40 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| 40–50 | 1.439 (0.880–2.353) | 0.146 | 1.439 (0.870–2.380) | 0.157 | |
| 50–60 | 2.289 (1.450–3.614) | <0.001 | 2.288 (1.418–3.691) | <0.001 | |
| 60–70 | 2.929 (1.873–4.578) | <0.001 | 2.604 (1.608–4.217) | <0.001 | |
| 70–80 | 3.589 (2.286–5.635) | <0.001 | 2.895 (17590–4.765) | <0.001 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Female | 0.765 (0.662–0.884) | <0.001 | 0.637 (0.537–0.756) | <0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| <25 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| ≥25 | 1.440 (1.245–1.665) | <0.001 | 1.630 (1.397–1.901) | <0.001 | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.913 (0.770–1.083) | 0.294 | 0.816 (0.671–0.992) | 0.041 | |
| Smoking | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.247 (1.026–1.515) | 0.026 | 1.380 (1.108–1.719) | 0.004 | |
| Regular physical activity | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.948 (0.817–1.101) | 0.486 | 0.993 (0.849–1.161) | 0.929 | |
| Family history of diabetes | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 2.656 (1.827–3.863) | <0.001 | 3.021 (2.041–4.471) | <0.001 | |
| Dyslipidemia | |||||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.684 (1.302–2.177) | <0.001 | 1.762 (1.345–2.307) | <0.001 | |
Multivariable: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, regular physical activity, diabetes, family history of diabetes, dyslipidemia, pulse pressure index.
OR and 95% CI were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.