Korean J Fam Pract. 2017; 7(1): 116-124  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2017.7.1.116
A High Caffeine Energy Drink Intake in Korean Adolescents and Its Association with Socio-Economic Factors and Suicide-Related Behavior: Based on 2015 Korean Youth’s Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey
Hyun-Woo Oh, Hi-Min Lee, Seong-Pil Yoon, Yeo-Wook Yoon, Choong-Hyun Jo*
Department of Family Medicine, Baek-Je General Hospital, Nonsan, Korea
Choong-Hyun Jo
Tel: +82-41-730-8888, Fax: +82-41-735-1639
E-mail: thirdgemin@naver.com
Received: March 13, 2016; Revised: June 23, 2016; Accepted: July 22, 2016; Published online: February 20, 2017.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: There has recently been an increase in the consumption of energy drinks with high caffeine content. The intake of excess high caffeine energy drinks can result in side effects. This study investigated the association between suicidal behavior and socio-economic factors that can affect the intake of high caffeine energy drinks. The findings of this study will help enhance the health of Korean adolescents.
Methods: This study used data from the 2015 Korean Youth’s Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and included 60,916 students who had completed the survey. A chi-squared test was used to identify potential links between socio-economic factors and high caffeine energy drinks. We adjusted for various factors and calculated the odds ratios between the frequency of high caffeine energy drink intake and adolescents’ suicidal behavior, using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: Individuals with a poor academic record, a low socio-economic status, and depression, and those previously exposed to a violent incident were more likely to consume high caffeine energy drinks. Moreover, the odds ratio of the suicidal behavior group that consumes high caffeine energy drinks consuming these more than three times a day was very high.
Conclusion: The results confirmed that socio-economic factors and health-risk behaviors, including violent incidents, can affect the intake of high caffeine energy drinks. The study also showed that the risk of suicide was higher in the high caffeine energy drink group that consumed more than three times a day. Thus, comprehensive consideration of the socio-economic factors affecting adolescents will enable the development of strategies to prevent excessive intake of high caffeine energy drinks.
Keywords: High Caffeine Energy Drink; Adolescent; Socio-Economic Factor; Suicide
References
  1. Malinauskas BM, Aeby VG, Overton RF, Carpenter-Aeby T, Barber-Heidal K. A survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students. Nutr J 2007; 6: 35.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  2. Seifert SM, Schaechter JL, Hershorin ER, Lipshultz SE. Health effects of energy drinks on children, adolescents, and young adults. Pediatrics 2011; 127:511-28.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  3. Heckman MA, Sherry K, Gonzalez De Mejia E. Energy drinks: an assessment of their market size, consumer demographics, ingredient profile, functionality, and regulations in the United States. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9: 303-17.
    CrossRef
  4. Simon M, Mosher JF. Alcohol, energy drinks, and youth: a dangerous mix. San Rafael, CA: Marin Institute: 2007.
  5. Lee JE, Huh W, Choi EJ. Pattern analysis of high-caffeine energy drink consumption and adverse effects among college students in a university. Yakhak Hoeji 2013; 57: 110-8.
  6. Yu BK, Oh YJ, Lee JC, Lee KH, Min JH, Park SH. A study of adolescent smoking and drinking in Korea. Korean J Pediatr 2009; 52: 422-8.
    CrossRef
  7. Mattson ME. Update on emergency department visits involving energy drinks: a continuing public health concern. The CBSHQ Report. Rockville:Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2013.
  8. City of Chicago: the policy prescription [Internet]. Chicago: City of Chicago;2010 [cited 2016 Feb 17].
    Available from: http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en.html
  9. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Press release. Let’s find out about the caffeine! - The caffeine content and labeling standards of foods -. Cheongju:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; 2011.
  10. Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000; 39:127-53.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  11. Iyadurai SJ, Chung SS. New-onset seizures in adults: possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks. Epilepsy Behav 2007; 10: 5048.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  12. Statics Korea. Causes of death statics in 2013 [Internet]. Daejeon: Statics Korea;c2001-2014 [cited 2014 Feb 20].
    Available from: http://www.kosis.kr
  13. Kawachi I, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Speizer FE. A prospective study of coffee drinking and suicide in women. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156:521-5.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  14. Lucas M, O’Reilly EJ, Pan A, Mirzaei F, Willett WC, Okereke OI, et al. Coffee, caffeine, and risk of completed suicide: results from three prospective cohorts of American adults. World J Biol Psychiatry 2014; 15: 377-86.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  15. Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007 Korean children and adolescent national growth chart: commentary [Internet]. Seoul: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The Korean Pediatric Society, The Committee for the Development of Growth Standard for Korean Children and Adolescents; 2007 [cited 2009 Aug 31].
    Available from: http://www.cdc.go.kr
  16. Kim YP. Consideration upon statistical analysis of the complex sampling designed data. Korean J Fam Pract 2016; 6: 61-2.
    CrossRef
  17. Rudatsikira E, Muula AS, Siziya S. Variables associated with physical fighting among US high-school students. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2008; 4:16.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  18. dos Santos Silva RJ, Soares NM, Cabral de Oliveira AC. Factors associated with violent behavior among adolescents in northeastern Brazil. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014: 863918.
  19. Thoresen S, Myhre M, Wentzel-Larsen T, Aakvaag HF, Hjemdal OK. Violence against children, later victimisation, and mental health: a cross-sectional study of the general Norwegian population. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2015; 6: 26259.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  20. Miotto P, De Coppi M, Frezza M, Petretto D, Masala C, Preti A. Suicidal ideation and aggressiveness in school-aged youths. Psychiatry Res 2003; 120:247-55.
    CrossRef
  21. Chen EY, Chan WS, Wong PW, Chan SS, Chan CL, Law YW, et al. Suicide in Hong Kong: a case-control psychological autopsy study. Psychol Med 2006;36: 815-25.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  22. Phanag H, Kim K. Trends and differentials in educational stratification in Korea. Korean J Soc 2003; 37: 31-65
  23. Kim JH, Han MA, Kim WK, Park MR. Coffee consumption and suicidal ideation in Korean adults: 2010~2011 Korean national health and nutrition examination survey. Korean J Fam Pract 2015; 5(Suppl 3): S235-9.
  24. Williams JM, Currie CE, Wright P, Elton RA, Beattie TF. Socioeconomic status and adolescent injuries. Soc Sci Med 1997; 44: 1881-91.
    CrossRef
  25. Lien N, Friestad C, Klepp KI. Adolescents’ proxy reports of parents’ socioeconomic status: How valid are they? J Epidemiol Community Health 2001;55: 731-7.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef

This Article


Services
Social Network Service

e-submission

Archives