Korean J Fam Pract 2019; 9(5): 467-470  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2019.9.5.467
Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Severity of Depression Scored with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Men Older Than 50 Years
Minsik Lee*
Department of Family Medicine, Serim General Hospital, Incheon, Korea
Minsik Lee
Tel: +82-32-509-5555, Fax: +82-504-443-6880
E-mail: misrandil15749@gmail.com
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-0805
Received: June 24, 2019; Accepted: July 29, 2019; Published online: October 20, 2019.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and depression severity based on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) score in men aged >50 years.
Methods: In this study, we used data of 1,230 individuals from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-1) 2016 conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We diagnosed metabolic syndrome in accordance with National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines using waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting serum triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and fasting glucose level in men aged >50 years (mean± standard deviation: 64.6±8.8 years), and their PHQ-9 scores were classified as mild and severe (cutoff, 10).
Results: The mean waist circumference, fasting glucose level, triglyceride level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level were 87.1±8.2 cm, 109.8±28.3 mg/dL, 155.9±123.9 mg/dL, and 46.5±12.2 mg/dL, respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 124.7±15.9 mmHg and 76.2±10.7 mmHg, respectively. The mean body mass index, was 24.2±2.9 kg/m2. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 43.7%. The mean PHQ-9 score was 2.0±3.3. The prevalence of severe depression with a score of >10 was 4.2%. Metabolic syndrome and depression were related (P<0.05). The adjusted odds ratio for metabolic syndrome was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3–0.9). However, age (95% CI, 0.9–1.0), sleep duration during weekdays (95% CI, 0.9–1.0), and sleep duration during weekends (95% CI, 0.9–1.0) were not related.
Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was associated with depression in men aged >50 years in this study.
Keywords: Metabolic Syndrome; National Institutes of Health; Depression; Patient Health Questionnaire; The Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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