Korean J Fam Pract. 2016; 6(4): 242-248  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2016.6.4.242
Association between Sarcopenia and Diabetes according to Age in Korean Adults
Eun Young Jung, Ji Won Seo, Jae Hyuck Lee, Young Sung Suh*, Dae Hyun Kim
Department of Family Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
Young Sung Suh
Tel: +82-53-250-7675, Fax: +82-53-250-7675, E-mail: ysseo@dsmc.or.kr
Received: February 26, 2016; Revised: April 28, 2016; Accepted: May 5, 2016; Published online: August 20, 2016.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a major health care concern in Korea. Individuals with sarcopenia could be at an increased risk for diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sarcopenia is associated with impaired fasting glucose, diabetes, and insulin resistance according to age in patients with and without obesity.

Methods: We used the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2008 to 2010. The data for 15,467 nonpregnant adults aged ≥20 years were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight of <1 standard deviation below the sex-specific mean for young adults. The subjects were divided into 4 groups based on their obesity and sarcopenia status. They were further divided according to age into two groups (20?59 years, ≥60 years).

Results: According to the age-stratified analyses, sarcopenia in the non-obese group was associated with impaired fasting glucose (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17?2.10) and diabetes (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.53?2.89) in adults aged ≥60 years, but not in adults aged <60 years. Sarcopenia showed a significant association with hemostatic model assessment?insulin resistance for both the non-obese and obese group regardless of age (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Sarcopenia is significantly associated with impaired fasting glucose, diabetes, and insulin resistance in Korean adults. Further research is needed to develop interventions for prevention of sarcopenia.

Keywords: Sarcopenia; Obesity; Prediabetes; Diabetes; Insulin Resistance
References
  1. Rosenberg IH, Roubenoff R. Stalking sarcopenia. Ann Intern Med 1995;123: 727-8.
    CrossRef
  2. Defronzo RA. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2009; 58: 773-95.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  3. Srikanthan P, Karlamangla AS. Relative muscle mass is inversely associated with insulin resistance and prediabetes. Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96: 2898-903.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  4. Rhee SY. Role of sarcopenia in diabetes mellitus. J Korean Diabetes 2013; 14:178-81.
    CrossRef
  5. Kim TN, Choi KM. Sarcopenic obesity. J Korean Diabetes 2013; 14: 166-73.
    CrossRef
  6. Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, Vinicor F, Marks JS, Koplan JP. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA 2001; 286: 1195-200.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  7. Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB, et al. Sarcopenia:an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition:prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2011; 12: 249-56.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  8. Grimby G, Saltin B. The ageing muscle. Clin Physiol 1983; 3: 209-18.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  9. Daejeon Statistics Korea. Population projections (2010~2060) and various population-related indicators (birth rate, death rate and life expectancy) on the basis of the results from the 2010 population census [Internet]. Daejeon:Statistics Korea; 2010 [cited 2013 Dec 15]
    Available from: http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1010
    Pubmed
  10. Hwang B, Lim JY, Lee J, Choi NK, Ahn YO, Park BJ. Prevalence rate and associated factors of sarcopenic obesity in Korean elderly population. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27: 748-55.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  11. Lee SW, Youm YS, Lee WJ, Choi W, Chu SH, Park YR, et al. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass and insulin resistance in an elderly korean population:the korean social life, health and aging project-health examination cohort. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39: 37-45.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  12. Kim JH, Cho JJ, Park YS. Relationship between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease risk as estimated by the Framingham risk score. J Korean Med Sci 2015; 30: 264-71.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  13. Lexell J, Henriksson-Lars?n K, Winblad B, Sj?str?m M. Distribution of different fiber types in human skeletal muscles: effects of aging studied in whole muscle cross sections. Muscle Nerve 1983; 6: 588-95.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  14. Klitgaard H, Zhou M, Schiaffino S, Betto R, Salviati G, Saltin B. Ageing alters the myosin heavy chain composition of single fibres from human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 1990; 140: 55-62.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  15. Moon SS. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2009-2010. Endocr J 2014; 61: 61-70.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  16. Kim JS, Oh MK, Park BK, Lee MK, Kim GJ. Screening criteria of alcoholism by alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in Korea. J Korean Acad Fam Med 1999; 20: 1152-9.
  17. Ko SH, Kim SR, Kim DJ, Oh SJ, Lee HJ, Shim KH, et al. 2011 clinical practice guidelines for type 2 diabetes in Korea. Diabetes Metab J 2011; 35: 431-6.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  18. Wallace TM, Levy JC, Mattews DR. Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1487-95.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  19. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50: 889-96.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  20. Lim S, Kim JH, Yoon JW, Kang SM, Choi SH, Park YJ, et al. Sarcopenic obesity:prevalence and association with metabolic syndrome in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA). Diabetes Care 2010;33: 1652-4.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  21. Kim KS, Park KS, Kim MJ, Kim SK, Cho YW, Park SW. Type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 Suppl 1: 115-21.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  22. Srikanthan P, Hevener AL, Karlamangla AS. Sarcopenia exacerbates obesityassociated insulin resistance and dysglycemia: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. PLoS One 2010; 5: e10805.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  23. Kim TN. Diverse abnormal body composition phenotypes: interation between muscle, fat, and bone. Korean J Obes 2015; 24: 9-16.
    CrossRef
  24. Phielix E, Szendroedi J, Roden M. Mitochondrial function and insulin resistance during aging: a mini-review. Gerontology 2011; 57: 387-96.
    Pubmed
  25. Klip A, P?quet MR. Glucose transport and glucose transporters in muscle and their metabolic regulation. Diabetes Care 1990; 13: 228-43.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  26. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on sarcopenia in older people. Age Ageing 2010;39: 412-23.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef

This Article


Services
Social Network Service

e-submission

Archives