Korean J Fam Pract. 2016; 6(6): 560-567  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2016.6.6.560
Correlation of Dyslipidemia with Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio
Yeo-Wook Yoon*, Hi-Min Lee, Hyun-Woo Oh
Department of Family Medicine, Baek-Je General Hospital, Nonsan, Korea
Yeo-Wook Yoon
Tel: +82-41-730-8888, Fax: +82-41-735-1639
E-mail: mirsay@naver.com
Received: July 8, 2016; Revised: September 13, 2016; Accepted: September 17, 2016; Published online: December 20, 2016.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of waist-height ratio (WHtR) in comparison with waist circumference (WC) as an abdominal obesity index in screening for dyslipidemia.
Methods: Data were obtained from the 2010-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Normal weight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of >22.5 kg/m2 but <27.5 kg/m2; and a BMI of 27.5 kg/m2 or higher was considered overweight. Dyslipidemia was defined as any lipid profile abnormalities or current intake of cholesterol-lowering medication. Complex sample analysis was performed to estimate the means±standard error of the obesity and dyslipidemia prevalence rates using the SPSS program. The sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio (OR), a measure of diagnostic power, of WHtR were compared with those of WC. Sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the VassarStats website.
Results: The dyslipidemia prevalence was 58.0%±1.2% in the BMI overweight group, 45.7%±0.7% in the BMI normal weight group, 58.4%±0.9% in the high WC group, and 54.7%±0.6% in the high WHtR group (P<0.001). In the high WC group, the sensitivity, specificity, and OR for detecting dyslipidemia in the BMI normal weight group were 31.80% (95% CI, 31.76-31.84), 80.82% (95% CI, 80.79-80.85), and 1.97 (95% CI, 1.77-2.18; P<0.001), respectively. In the high WHtR group, these were 69.87% (95% CI, 69.83-69.90), 49.96% (95% CI, 49.92-49.99), and 2.31 (95% CI, 2.09- 2.57; P<0.001), respectively.
Conclusion: WHtR is easy to measure and is an accurate abdominal obesity index, with a higher sensitivity than WC in screening for dyslipidemia.
Keywords: Body Mass Index; Dyslipidemias; Waist Circumference; Waist-Height Raio
References
  1. Hong YS. Endocrine disorders and dyslipidemia. J Korean Endocr Soc 2008;23: 9-14.
    CrossRef
  2. Poobalan A, Aucott L, Smith WC, Avenell A, Jung R, Broom J, et al. Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individuals and long-term lipid outcomes-a systematic review. Obes Rev 2004; 5: 43-50.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  3. Deeb SS, Zambon A, Carr MC, Ayyobi AF, Brunzell JD. Hepatic lipase and dyslipidemia: interactions among genetic variants, obesity, gender, and diet. J Lipid Res 2003; 44: 1279-86.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  4. Zheng W, McLerran DF, Rolland B, Zhang X, Inoue M, Matsuo K, et al. Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 719-29.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  5. Després JP, Prud’homme D, Pouliot MC, Tremblay A, Bouchard C. Estimation of deep abdominal adipose-tissue accumulation from simple anthropometric measurements in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 54: 471-7.
    Pubmed
  6. Lee S, Bacha F, Gungor N, Arslanian SA. Waist circumference is an independent predictor of insulin resistance in black and white youths. J Pediatr 2006; 148: 188-94.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  7. Han TS, van Leer EM, Seidell JC, Lean ME. Waist circumference action levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: prevalence study in a random sample. BMJ 1995; 311: 1401-5.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  8. Examination Committee of Criteria for ‘Obesity Disease’ in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for ‘obesity disease’ in Japan. Circ J 2002; 66: 987-92.
    CrossRef
  9. Park H. Cut-off values of waist circumference for abdominal obesity among Koreans. J Korean Med Assoc 2005; 48: 1165-72.
    CrossRef
  10. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106: 3143-421.
    Pubmed
  11. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 1998;15: 539-53.
    CrossRef
  12. Ko JY, Lee HL, Park SA, Park WM, Lee SW, Lee HS. The usefulness of waist/height ratio as a predictor for the risk factors of coronary artery disease. J Korean Acad Fam Med 1998; 19: 719-27.
  13. Hsieh SD, Yoshinaga H, Muto T. Waist-to-height ratio, a simple and practical index for assessing central fat distribution and metabolic risk in Japanese men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27: 610-6.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  14. Lee JS, Aoki K, Kawakubo K, Gunji A. A study on indices of body fat distribution for screening for obesity. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi 1995; 37: 9-18.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  15. Ashwell OM. Waist to height ratio and the Ashwell® shape chart could predict the health risks of obesity in adults and children in all ethnic groups. Nutr Food Sci 2005; 35: 359-64.
    CrossRef
  16. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guide to the utilization of the data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014) [Internet]. Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2015 [cited 2016 May 4].
    Available from: http://www.cdc.go.kr/CDC/contents/CdcKrContentView.jsp?cid=60942&menuIds=HOME001-MNU1130-MNU1639-MNU1748-MNU1754
  17. Committee for Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia. 2015 Korean guidelines for management of dyslipidemia. J Lipid Atheroscler 2015; 4: 6192.
  18. VassarStats.net [Internet]. Poughkeepsie (NY): Website for Statistical Computation;2001 [cited 2016 Jun 5].
    Available from: http://www.vassarstats.net/clin1.html
  19. Jee SH, Jang Y, Oh DJ, Oh BH, Lee SH, Park SW, et al. A coronary heart disease prediction model: the Korean Heart Study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005025.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  20. Statistics Korea. Annual report on the causes of death statistics, 2014 [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2015 [cited 2016 May 4].
    Available from: http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/2/6/2/index.board?bmode=download&bSeq=&aSeq=348539&ord=2
  21. van der Kooy K, Seidell JC. Techniques for the measurement of visceral fat: a practical guide. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1993; 17: 187-96.
    Pubmed
  22. Kim SH, Ahn BC, Joung H, Park MJ. Lipid profiles and prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korean adolescents. Endocrinol Metab 2012; 27: 208-16.
    CrossRef
  23. Davis SR, Walker KZ, Strauss BJ. Effects of estradiol with and without testosterone on body composition and relationships with lipids in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2000; 7: 395-401.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  24. Kim Y, Suh YK, Choi H. BMI and metabolic disorders in South Korean adults: 1998 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Obes Res 2004;12: 445-53.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  25. Park YW, Kim CH, Shin HC. Is the cut-off value of body mass index (BMI) appropriate for identifying obesity in Korea? Korean J Health Promot Dis Prev 2002; 2: 10-6.
  26. Byun JS, Kim MJ, Hwang YW, Kim MJ, Kim SY, Hwang IH. The usefulness of waist/height ratio as an obesity index. J Korean Acad Fam Med 2004; 25:307-13.
  27. Kim JS, Cho B. Association between self-perceived health status and health related behavior in routine health examinees. Korean J Fam Med 2010; 31:688-96.
    CrossRef
  28. Joo NS, Park YW, Park TS, Shin GH, Park RW, Kim BT. Medical cost and hospital visit by obesity and central obesity. Korean J Obes 2008; 17: 91-8.

This Article


Services
Social Network Service

e-submission

Archives