Korean J Fam Pract. 2016; 6(6): 699-702  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2016.6.6.699
Effect of Serum Vitamin D Level on Nicotine Metabolism to Cotinine in Korean Adults: 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011
Je-Won Lee1, Eun-Kyung Kim1, Jung-Hun Kim1, Min-Gyu Park1, Jae-Sung Lee1, Jin-Hee Lee1, Chung-Hwan Cho1,*, Dong-Ju Park2
1Department of Family Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju; 2Department of Family Medicine, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
Chung-Hwan Cho
Tel: +82-63-230-1512, Fax: +82-63-230-1519
E-mail: lightgod@cholian.com
Received: August 23, 2016; Accepted: September 1, 2016; Published online: December 20, 2016.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Nearly 70%-80% of nicotine, a carcinogen inhaled during smoking, in the human body is converted to cotinine, a stable compound. The rest is converted to other carcinogens such as nitrosamines. Many studies have reported the effectiveness of vitamin D in preventing smoking-related cancer. In this study, we have investigated the influence of vitamin D on nicotine metabolism to cotinine, which is a competitive inhibitor of nitrosamine.
Methods: We used the data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011. The Korean adults included in our analysis were grouped by current smoking status and quantity of smoking. We measured vitamin D levels by the serum 25(OH)D test and cotinine levels by a urine test.
Results: Vitamin D did not have any effect on nicotine metabolism to cotinine in any study group.
Conclusion: Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and smoking-related cancer, and investigate the appropriate administration of vitamin D as a nutritional treatment.
Keywords: Vitamin D; Cotinine; Nicotine; Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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