Korean J Fam Pract. 2017; 7(6): 951-955  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2017.7.6.951
The Association with Breakfast Frequency and Diabetes in Normal and Prediabetic Adult Groups
Han-Young Lee, Soo-Jin Park, Chung-Hwan Cho*, Jin-Hee Lee, Jae-Sung Lee
Department of Family Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
Chung-Hwan Cho
Tel: +82-63-230-1512, Fax: +82-63-230-1519
E-mail: lightgod@chol.com
Received: May 31, 2017; Revised: July 4, 2017; Accepted: July 17, 2017; Published online: December 20, 2017.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Regular food habits plays a critical role in normal glucose homeostasis. Few studies have evaluated fasting glucose levels in individuals who skip breakfast, which theoretically leads to a lack of supplemental energy and increased risk of subsequent hypoglycemia. Our study investigated the association between breakfast frequency and incidence of diabetes in normal and prediabetic adults based on complex sampling analysis.
Methods: We used data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014-2015. In our study, a “breakfast skipper” was defined as an individual who did not eat breakfast (0 times/week) during the previous year. People who have breakfast were divided 3 groups. The first group is the people who have breakfast 1-2 times a week, the second is 3-4 times a week and the third is 5-7 times a week. Prediabetes and diabetes were defined based on the 2015 guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association.
Results: After univariable multinomial logistic regression analysis, participants who had breakfast more than 5 times a week during the previous year were observed to have a lower risk of diabetes than participants who had no breakfast (0 times/week) during the previous year in normal and prediabetic adult groups (normal group odds ratio [OR]: 0.383, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.288-0.511; prediabetic group OR: 0.634, 95% CI: 0.468-0.858).
Conclusion: Having breakfast more than 5 times a week may decrease the risk of diabetes.
Keywords: Breakfast; Prediabetic State; Diabetes Mellitus; Health Surveys
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