Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(1): 107-112  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.1.107
Effects of Sleep on Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study
Eun-Joo Choi1, Hae-Jin Ko1,*, Chang-Ho Youn1, Na-Ri Kim1, Eun-Jung Jang1, A-Sol Kim2, Ha-Na Moon2, Won-Kee Lee3
1Department of Family Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu; 2Department of Family Medicine, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu; 3Biostatics, Medical Research Collaboration Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
Hae-Jin Ko
Tel: +82-53-200-5791, Fax: +82-53-200-5480
E-mail: liveforme@daum.net
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4460-1476
Received: March 14, 2017; Revised: July 24, 2017; Accepted: August 7, 2017; Published online: February 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Sleep deprivation may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. In this study, we investigated the relationship of sleep duration and quality with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods: Data were collected from 215 participants who visited or were admitted to a regional hospital between April 2013 and November 2013. The case-control study was performed using propensity scores, and 118 subjects were selected from each group. All participants were asked to fill out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess their sleep duration and quality.
Results: The baseline characteristics of the patients in the two groups were similar. To evaluate the association of sleep duration and quality with CVD, we used logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and health conditions. Both sleep duration (＜7 hours; odds ratio [OR], 0.665; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.322–1.373) and poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5; OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 0.513–2.243) over the past month were not associated with CVD. However, sleep duration (＜7 hours) 15 years prior was significantly associated with CVD (OR, 3.810; 95% CI, 1.581–9.180).
Conclusion: The evidence is insufficient to conclude that the time and quality of sleep are associated with the occurrence of CVD; however, chronic sleep deprivation was associated with the risk of CVD. Larger prospective cohort studies need to be conducted.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation
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