Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(1): 125-130  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.1.125
Sex Difference in the Relationship between Evening Meal-Sharing and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome: The 2013-2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Mi-Ri Kim, Hyung-Jin Kim, Ji-Hye Kim, Byoungjin Park*
Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Byoungjin Park
Tel: +82-31-331-8710, Fax: +82-31-331-5551
E-mail: bjpark96@yuhs.ac
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-5301
Received: March 2, 2017; Revised: October 11, 2017; Accepted: October 24, 2017; Published online: February 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: The rapid socioeconomic growth in Korea has resulted in profound lifestyle changes, such as the Westernization of diet or single-person household, which may be related to metabolic alterations. We examined the relationship between evening meal sharing and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by using representative data for Korean men and women.
Methods: We analyzed data from the 2013–2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. To investigate outcome variables in the relationship between evening meal sharing and the risk factors for metabolic syndrome, weighted chi-square and simple linear analyses were used. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between evening meal sharing and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to sex.
Results: In the complex sample logistic analysis, metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with having dinner alone, after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, regular exercise, marital status, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, and total energy intake in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–3.24). However, the risk of metabolic syndrome was lower with evening meal sharing than with having dinner alone in women (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28–0.86).
Conclusion: Our study suggests that evening meal sharing may have a sex-related difference in influence on metabolic syndrome.
Keywords: Evening Meal Sharing; Metabolic Syndrome; Sex Difference; Korean Adults
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