Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(2): 207-213  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.2.207
Effect of Quantity and Frequency of Alcohol Consumption on Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adult Men: The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011
Young Woo Lee, Hyeongrae Cho*, Jae Yoel Ryu, Jung Hwan Kim
Department of Family Medicine, Serim Hospital, Incheon, Korea
Hyeongrae Cho
Tel: +82-32-509-5570, Fax: +82-32-517-4813
E-mail: chohrs@gmail.com
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1274-0802
Received: April 3, 2017; Revised: October 19, 2017; Accepted: October 22, 2017; Published online: April 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: We assessed differences in bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of osteoporosis on the basis of drinking quantity and frequency in Korean adult men.
Methods: From among the participants of the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011, 2,941 men, aged ≥19 years, were selected. The drinking-related explanatory variables were average amount per month, average amount per occasion, and frequency per month. For each variable, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were conducted to compare the mean femoral neck or lumbar spine BMDs. In the men aged ≥50 years, risks of prevalent osteoporosis or osteopenia were examined using a multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results: The differences in femoral neck BMD were significant in the ANOVA. However, no significant differences were found in the ANCOVA results for covariates, such as age and body mass index. In the logistic regression analysis, only one category in the frequency variable showed significant result. In those who consumed alcohol at frequency of ＜1 time/month, as compared with the reference category (2–4 times/month), odds ratio for prevalent osteoporosis or osteopenia was 2.354 (95% confidence interval, 1.335–4.152; P=0.017).
Conclusion: We could not clearly define the effects of alcohol on BMD in Korean adult men. The beneficial effects of alcohol are assumed mainly on the basis of confounding factors, such as weight gain. However, we cautiously suggest the beneficial effect of light drinking, such as 2–4 times/month.
Keywords: Bone Density; Osteoporosis; Bone Disease, Metabolic; Drinking
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