Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(2): 286-291  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.2.286
The Association between Breakfast Frequency and Healthy Behaviors in Adults Aged 40-64 Years: The 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014
A-Rum Park1, Yu-Hyeon Yi1,*, Yun-Jin Kim2, Sang-Yeoup Lee3,4, Jeong-Gyu Lee2, Dong-Wook Jeong4, Young-Jin Tak1, Seung-Hun Lee1, Hye-Rim Hwang1, Eun-Gyeong Lee4, Gyu-Lee Kim1
1Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan; Departments of 2Family Medicine and 3Medical Education Unit, Pusan National University School of Medicine; 4Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
Yu-Hyeon Yi
Tel: +82-51-240-7834, Fax: +82-51-242-8671
E-mail: eeugus@hanmail.net
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-2737
Received: April 3, 2017; Revised: July 25, 2017; Accepted: July 30, 2017; Published online: April 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: We analyzed the association between breakfast frequency & healthy behavior in adults aged 40–64 years, and its effect on prevalence of chronic diseases.
Methods: We selected 4,767 adults from Korea National Health Examination Survey data of 2013–2014. Selected adults consisted of having breakfast regularly, breakfast sometimes and never breakfast. The breakfast frequency was categorized into three groups, and healthy behaviors included non-smoking, moderate drinking and non-drinking, adequate sleeping, regular walking, muscle exercise, and adequate weight. We then analyzed the association between breakfast frequency and healthy behavior. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were considered chronic diseases. We compared the prevalence of chronic diseases based on healthy behavior, which included having regular breakfast.
Results: The group that never ate breakfast tended to be unmarried, single-person households, rural residents, current smokers, and heavy drinkers. Among the men, breakfast eating was associated with not smoking and doing muscle exercise. Among the women, breakfast eating was associated with not smoking and drinking. Significantly lower incidences of chronic diseases were seen among men with a high healthy behavior score and lower incidences of chronic diseases were seen among women who conducted more than four of the healthy behavior mentioned above.
Conclusion: Breakfast frequency is associated with smoking and muscle exercise in men and smoking and drinking in women. Following fewer practices of healthy behaviors is associated with chronic diseases.
Keywords: Breakfast; Healthy Behavior; Chronic Diseases; Middle Aged
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