Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(3): 435-440  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.3.435
The Relationship between Atherosclerosis Index and Vitamin D in Korean Male Adults
Jihye Won, Kyunam Kim*, Seon Yeong Lee, Dae Youn Kim, Hyerin Shin, Jeong Ki Paek
Department of Family Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Kyunam Kim
Tel: +82-2-950-1150, Fax: +82-2-950-1153
E-mail: KIMKN@paik.ac.kr
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-4616
Received: June 5, 2017; Revised: September 12, 2017; Accepted: September 18, 2017; Published online: June 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Recently, interest in vitamin D has been increasing in the medical field. Vitamin D receptors have been found in various tissues such as muscles and endothelial cells of blood vessels, other than the musculoskeletal system. Studies on the relationship between vitamin D level and cardiovascular diseases have been actively conducted. We investigated the correlation between atherogenic index and vitamin D level in healthy Korean men.
Methods: The study included 438 male subjects whose ankle-brachial indexes and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured between January 2016 and December 2016 at the health promotion center of a Sanggye Paik Hospital. They were divided into deficient and sufficient groups according to a cutoff 25(OH)D level of 20 ng/mL. Age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were considered traditional risk factors of peripheral arterial disease, and ankle-brachial index was used as an atherogenic index.
Results: The ankle-brachial index was statistically significantly different between the two groups (1.11±0.006 vs. 1.14±0.005, P=0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that vitamin D level (β=0.177) and smoking (β=-0.140) were independently associated with ankle-brachial index (P<0.05). We found a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D level and ankle-brachial index after adjusting for the traditional risk factors of peripheral arterial disease. However, these correlations were no longer statistically significant after the serum 25(OH)D concentration reached 25 ng/mL.
Conclusion: Primary prevention of peripheral arterial disease requires vitamin D supplementation, but excessive supplementation is unnecessary.
Keywords: Ankle-Brachial Index; Vitamin D; Age; Smoking; Fasting Blood Glucose; Inflammatory Marker
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