Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(3): 441-447  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.3.441
The Relationship between Shared Breakfast and Skipping Breakfast with Depression and General Health State in Korean Adults: The 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sun Hee Cho1, Hyejin Chun2,*, Hong Soo Lee1, Sang Wha Lee1, Kyung Won Shim1, Ji Yeon Lee1, A Ri Byun1, Hae Young Lee1
1Department of Family Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul; 2Department of Family Medicine, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
Hyejin Chun
Tel: +82-31-780-2958, Fax: +82-31-780-594
E-mail: fmewha@naver.com
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6241-5453
Received: June 13, 2017; Revised: September 7, 2017; Accepted: September 13, 2017; Published online: June 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: In modern society, the incidence of mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety disorder, increases every year. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eating breakfast with other people on adult mental health, by comparing the mental health of adults who ate breakfast with others to that of those who ate alone or skipped breakfast, and to analyze the perceptions of the general health status in Korea.
Methods: This study was conducted using data from the second year of the sixth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the Korean people. For the analysis, 3,142 adults over 20 and under 65 years of age were selected. The subjects were divided into the following three groups according to their breakfast habits: sharing breakfast with a family member or others, not sharing breakfast, and skipping breakfast. The prevalence of depression was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
Results: Of the 3,142 subjects, 1,417 (41.7%) ate breakfast in the morning, 913 (28.9%) did not share breakfast, and 812 (29.4%) ate breakfast less than twice a week. The odds ratio (OR) for depression symptoms was not significant in the group that ate breakfast alone. However, when the disturbance variables were adjusted, the OR of a depression diagnosis increased 1.8–2.5 times in the group that skipped breakfast. Sharing breakfast and general health status did not differ significantly.
Conclusion: The group that skipped breakfast had an increased risk of depression symptoms. In particular, skipping breakfast had a significant relationship with symptoms of depression in women.
Keywords: Sharing Breakfast; Skipping Breakfast; Depression; General Health Status
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