Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(4): 557-564  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.4.557
Association between Sleep Duration and Vitamin D Deficiency in Korean Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV-V
Ahryoung Ko1, Kyuwoong Kim2, Sil Vi Han1, Su Gyeong Kim1, Sang Min Park1,2,*
1Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
Sang Min Park Tel: +82-2-2072-3331, Fax: +82-2-766-3276 E-mail: smpark.snuh@gmail.com ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-4829
Received: July 4, 2017; Revised: August 24, 2017; Accepted: September 6, 2017; Published online: August 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: The effect of sleep duration on vitamin D levels remains unclear in Korean women. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association among sleep duration, serum vitamin D levels, and vitamin D deficiency in Korean women.
Methods: We extracted data of 9,585 female participants from the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Surveys. We grouped self-reported sleep durations into quartiles (Q1, ≤4 h/day; Q2, 5–6 h/day; Q3, 7–8 h/day; and Q4, ≥9 h/day) and computed the least square means of serum vitamin D levels adjusted for age, education, residency, household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidity, menopause, depression, physical activity, body mass index, lean mass index, and fat mass index. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to compute the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of vitamin D deficiency by comparing adequate sleep duration (8 h/day) with short sleep duration (≤4 h/day) after adjusting for covariates.
Results: After adjustments, serum vitamin D levels increased with longer sleep durations (P for trend<0.001; Q1 [≤4 h/day], Q2 [5–6 h/day], Q3 [7–8 h/day], and Q4 [≥9 h/day]). Sleep-deprived individuals (≤4 h/day) were 1.480 times more likely to have vitamin D deficiency (aOR: 1.480; 95% CI: 1.01-2.15) compared with reference individuals (8 h/day).
Conclusion: Short sleep duration was associated with a decrease in serum vitamin D levels and an increase in vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Korean women.
Keywords: Sleep; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Women
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