Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(5): 654-661  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.5.654
Comparison of Hand–Grip Strength Between Normal Korean Adults and Those with Type 2 Diabetes: 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Miso Jang1, Hyunkyung Kim1, Bumjo Oh2,*
1Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital; 2Department of Family Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
Bumjo Oh
Tel: +82-2-870-2682, Fax: +82-2-731-0714
E-mail: bo39@snu.ac.kr
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2468-0755
Received: July 6, 2017; Revised: August 16, 2017; Accepted: August 19, 2017; Published online: October 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hand-grip strength (HGS) and age-related HGS, and type 2 diabetes in patients and normal subjects.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included a nationally representative sample consisting of 8,584 individuals aged ≥20 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2015 and underwent HGS measurements. Fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were also measured in the participants. We investigated differences between the diabetic and normal groups and the distribution of HGS by age after separating the subjects into men and women. We also analyzed data from 2,462 elderly individuals ≥60 years of age separately.
Results: The distribution of HGS by age in patients aged 20 years and older indicated that HGS increased with age up to the 30s in both sexes and decreased thereafter. In both sexes, HGS was decreased in the diabetic group when compared to the normal group. HbA1c had a negative correlation with HGS (beta: -0.045, P＜0.001). Frail HGS was associated with diabetes in elderly individuals ≥60 years of age (men odds ratio [OR]=1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.95–1.64; women OR=3.24, 95% CI=2.10–5.01). After correction of all confounding variables, there was a statistically significant relationship between diabetes and HGS in men (adjusted OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.02–2.18).
Conclusion: In Koreans, diabetes is closely related to decreasing HGS. Future research is needed to ensure that the measurement of HGS would predict a reduction in function due to diabetes.
Keywords: Hand-Grip Strength; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Hemoglobin A1c; Frailty; Sarcopenia
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