Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(5): 752-758  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.5.752
Smoking and its Relationship with Sarcopenia: Result from the 2008-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Eun Ji Lee, Soo Kyung Yang, Duk Chul Lee*
Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Duk Chul Lee
Tel: +82-2-2019-3483, Fax: +82-2-3463-3287
E-mail: faith@yuhs.ac
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-1813
Received: July 10, 2017; Revised: October 13, 2017; Accepted: October 19, 2017; Published online: October 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: This study investigated whether smoking defined as smoking status and smoking level is associated with sarcopenia after the age of 50 years by sex using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Methods: The total number of subjects in this analysis was 8,622. Participants were queried on smoking status (current, past, never) and smoking level (light, ≤11.3 pack-years; medium, ＞11.3–24.5 pack-years; heavy, ＞24.5 pack-years). Sarcopenia was evaluated by dividing the body weight by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM/Wt). Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between sarcopenia and smoking, after adjusting for potential confounders.
Results: Smoking status was not associated with sarcopenia in men and women, but smoking level and sarcopenia were significantly related in women. After adjusting for confounding factors, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of sarcopenia in smokers was 0.383 (0.153–0.964) in the medium smoking group of women, and 3.456 (1.542–7.742) and 3.052 (1.292–7.207) in the heavy smoking group of women.
Conclusion: Therefore, our study identified smoking as a reversible and independent risk factor for sarcopenia and smoking defined by smoking level such as pack-years might be an appropriate definition from a sarcopenia perspective.
Keywords: Sarcopenia; Smoking
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