Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(6): 800-807  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.6.800
Associations of Alcohol Consumption and Smoking Behaviors with Mental Health According to Gender in Korean Adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010 through 2012
Sukwon Kim1, Chan-Hee Song1,*, Eun-Kyung Jung1, Kuy-In Jung2, Sun-Myeong Ock1
Departments of 1Family Medicine and 2Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
Chan-Hee Song
Tel: +82-2-3779-1377, Fax: +82-2-780-9114
E-mail: chsong@catholic.ac.kr
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-7730
Received: July 27, 2017; Revised: October 2, 2017; Accepted: October 8, 2017; Published online: December 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: The study was performed to investigate the associations between behaviors of smoking and alcohol consumption with mental health according to gender in Korean adolescents.
Methods: The data of 1,821 Korean adolescents aging from 13 to 18 years of age who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used.
Results: Behaviors of both smoking and alcohol consumption were independently associated with perceived stress in males, whereas only smoking behavior was associated with perceived stress in females. In contrast, smoking behavior was a significant factor associated with depressed mood in males, whereas both smoking and alcohol consumption were independently associated with depressed mood in females. According to our results, the number of cigarettes smoked per day in males and having smoked during the prior month in females were the most significant factors related to mental health. In addition, for males, smoking and alcohol consumption were associated more with perceived stress, whereas those activities were associated more with depressed mood in females.
Conclusion: Behaviors of smoking and alcohol consumption have associations with mental health in Korean adolescents, and the associations differ by gender. The influence is more significant and prominent in females.
Keywords: Adolescent; Gender Identity; Smoking; Alcohol Drinking; Mental Health
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