Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(6): 882-889  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.6.882
The Correlation of Vitamin D Deficiency on Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults Using the Propensity Score Matching
Soo-Jin Park, Han-young Lee, Chung-Hwan Cho*, Jin-Hee Lee, Jae-sung Lee
Department of Family Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea
Chung-Hwan Cho
Tel: +82-63-230-1512, Fax: +82-63-230-1519
E-mail: lightgod@cholian.com
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2673-6695
Received: March 8, 2017; Revised: July 27, 2018; Accepted: September 11, 2018; Published online: December 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Lower than the recommended intake of vitamin D leads to an increased risk of cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune disease. A low serum vitamin D level has been reported to be associated with increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome using propensity score matching (PSM) in the Korean population.
Methods: We used the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2012 and 2013. Basic information was obtained through physical examination, interview, and self-administered questionnaire. We measured serum 25(OH)D and other factors of metabolic syndrome by blood test. We analyzed these data using PSM.
Results: Significant differences were found in covariates such as sex, age, region. smoking, activity, education before and after PSM. Metabolic syndrome showed higher correlations with triglyceride levels. Logistic regression analysis of the effects on metabolic syndrome after PSM showed higher correlations in the vitamin D-deficiency group, age, family history,smoking, and activity. The adjusted odds ratio for metabolic syndrome concentration in individuals with optimum vitamin D intake was 1.336 (95% confidence interval, 1.047?1.705, P=0.020).
Conclusion: These findings indicate that vitamin D levels are significantly associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and triglyceride level, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose concentration in the Korean adult population.
Keywords: Vitamin D; Metabolic Syndrome; Propensity Score Matching; Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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