Korean J Fam Pract. 2018; 8(6): 926-930  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2018.8.6.926
The Relationship between Quantity of Caffeine Intake by Caffeine Drinks and Chronic Daily Headache in a Korean Girls’ High School
Seong Won Park, Su Youn Lee, Sejong Kim, Sang Gu Na, Kang Seok Seo, Kyung Shik Lee*, Young Kyu Park, Young Ah Choi, Sung Min Cho
Department of Family Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
Kyung Shik Lee
Tel: +82-31-779-0153, Fax: +82-31-779-0169
E-mail: pineal.dmc.or.kr
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-9025
Received: June 19, 2018; Revised: June 26, 2018; Accepted: July 26, 2018; Published online: December 20, 2018.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to determine how much caffeine is consumed in drinks by female high school students and the relationship between chronic daily headaches (CDHs) and high caffeine intake.
Methods: We prepared a questionnaire for 131 students attending a girls’ high school from September 5, 2017 to September 6, 2017. We calculated each person’s average caffeine intake per day (mg/d) over the last week and classified the students into two groups, based on whether their caffeine intake was higher or lower than the recommended daily juvenile intake of caffeine (2.5 mg/kg/d) recommended by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. We conducted univariable analysis including age, height, weight, body mass index, hours of smartphone use, reasons for consuming caffeinated drinks, and self-rated academic achievement in the caffeine intake group. We also classified the students into two groups: the CDH group for those who complained of headaches on more than 15 days per month for the last month and the non-CDH group for the rest of them.
Results: Thirteen students (9.9%) consumed more than the recommended amount of caffeine, and 118 students (90.1%) consumed less caffeine. The students who complained of CDHs had a higher proportion of greater caffeine intake. After adjustment for general characteristics, students who complained of CDH were found to consume high caffeine amounts.
Conclusion: The students who complain of CDHs also tend to consume more caffeine than the recommended daily intake than those who do not.
Keywords: Caffeine; Chronic Daily Headache; Female; Adolescent
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