Korean J Fam Pract 2019; 9(4): 347-352  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2019.9.4.347
Association between Periodontitis and Sarcopenia in Korean Adult Population
Suyeon Yang, Gyeonghye Koh, Yeongkeun Kwon, Kyung-Hwan Cho*, Yanghyun Kim, Dong-Hyun Kim
Division of Geriatrics, Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Meidicine, Seoul, Korea
Kyung-Hwan Cho
Tel: +82-2-920-5027, Fax: +82-2-928-8083
E-mail: chokh@korea.ac.kr
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-3064
Received: July 30, 2018; Revised: February 25, 2019; Accepted: June 3, 2019; Published online: August 20, 2019.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: The development of sarcopenia and periodontitis is multifactorial, and several factors that play a role in periodontitis are thought to contribute to sarcopenia. This study evaluated the association between periodontitis and sarcopenia using data from the 2008–2009 Korea National Examination Survey.
Methods: We used the data of 2,340 Korean adults aged more than 65 years from the 2008–2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by weight (kg/kg) <2 deviations less than the sex-specific mean for young adults. Periodontal health .was measured using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), and periodontitis was defined as a CPI score of 3 or 4.
Results: Analysis using the chi-square test and linear logistic regression showed that the prevalence of periodontitis increased significantly. The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for sarcopenia was 2.498 (1.366–4.569). After adjusting for age and sex, the OR (95% CI) was 2.430 (1.323–4.465). The OR (95% CI) after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and cancer was 2.168 (1.160–4.051).
Conclusion: Sarcopenia is a representative lifestyle disease associated with periodontitis. In addition, sarcopenia is related to poor quality of life, especially mobility and usual activity. Therefore, greater attention must be paid to patients with periodontitis and they must be evaluated for sarcopenia to prevent and improve poor quality of life.
Keywords: Sarcopenia; Periodontitis; Aging
References
  1. Statistics Korea. Population projections for Korea: 2010-2060. Dajeon: Statistics Korea; 2011.
    CrossRef
  2. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al.; European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing 2010; 39: 412-23.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  3. Scott D, Hayes A, Sanders KM, Aitken D, Ebeling PR, Jones G. Operational definitions of sarcopenia and their associations with 5-year changes in falls risk in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25: 187-93.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  4. Tanimoto Y, Watanabe M, Sun W, Sugiura Y, Tsuda Y, Kimura M, et al. Association between sarcopenia and higher-level functional capacity in daily living in community-dwelling elderly subjects in Japan. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55: e9-13.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  5. Moore WE, Moore LH, Ranney RR, Smibert RM, Burmeister JA, Schenkein HA. The microflora of periodontal sites showing active destructive progression. J Clin Periodontol 1991; 18: 729-39.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  6. Kim BO, Cho MS, Kim SA, Sim HS, Han YK, Go EK, et al. Periodontology. 3rd ed. Seoul: Daehannarae; 2012. p. 45-68.
  7. Bae KH, Kim HD, Jung SH, Park DY, Kim JB, Paik DI, et al. Validation of the Korean version of the oral health impact profile among the Korean elderly. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007; 35: 73-9.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  8. Page RC. The role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 1991; 26(3 Pt 2): 230-42.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  9. Gupta M, Noel GJ, Schaefer M, Friedman D, Bussel J, Johann-Liang R. Cytokine modulation with immune gamma-globulin in peripheral blood of normal children and its implications in Kawasaki disease treatment. J Clin Immunol 2001; 21: 193-9.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  10. Kekow J, Reinhold D, Pap T, Ansorge S. Intravenous immunoglobulins and transforming growth factor beta. Lancet 1998; 351: 184-5.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  11. Lundberg I, Ulfgren AK, Nyberg P, Andersson U, Klareskog L. Cytokine production in muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 865-74.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  12. Lundberg I, Brengman JM, Engel AG. Analysis of cytokine expression in muscle in inflammatory myopathies, Duchenne dystrophy, and non-weak controls. J Neuroimmunol 1995; 63: 9-16.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  13. Chung HY, Cesari M, Anton S, Marzetti E, Giovannini S, Seo AY, et al. Molecular inflammation: underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2009; 8: 18-30.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  14. Zou Y, Jung KJ, Kim JW, Yu BP, Chung HY. Alteration of soluble adhesion molecules during aging and their modulation by calorie restriction. FASEB J 2004; 18: 320-2.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  15. Bruunsgaard H. The clinical impact of systemic low-level inflammation in elderly populations. With special reference to cardiovascular disease, dementia and mortality. Dan Med Bull 2006; 53: 285-309.
    Pubmed
  16. Melton LJ 3rd, Khosla S, Crowson CS, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of sarcopenia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 625-30.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  17. Lamster IB, Asadourian L, Del Carmen T, Friedman PK. The aging mouth:differentiating normal aging from disease. Periodontol 2000 2016; 72: 96-107.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  18. Robinson S, Cooper C, Aihie Sayer A. Nutrition and sarcopenia: a review of the evidence and implications for preventive strategies. J Aging Res 2012;2012:510801.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  19. Papalia R, Zampogna B, Torre G, Lanotte A, Vasta S, Albo E, et al. Sarcopenia and its relationship with osteoarthritis: risk factor or direct consequence? Musculoskelet Surg 2014; 98: 9-14.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  20. Lee JS, Auyeung TW, Kwok T, Lau EM, Leung PC, Woo J. Associated factors and health impact of sarcopenia in older chinese men and women: a crosssectional study. Gerontology 2007; 53: 404-10.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  21. Szulc P, Duboeuf F, Marchand F, Delmas PD. Hormonal and lifestyle determinants of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men: the MINOS study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 496-503.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  22. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Standardization for oral health survey in KNHANES (2013). Osong: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2013.
  23. Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L, Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 755-63.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  24. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50: 889-96.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  25. Lim S, Kim JH, Yoon JW, Kang SM, Choi SH, Park YJ, et al. Sarcopenic obesity: prevalence and association with metabolic syndrome in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging (KLoSHA). Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1652-4.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  26. Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Rossi A, Di Francesco V. Sarcopenic obesity: a new category of obesity in the elderly. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18: 388-95.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  27. Misic MM, Rosengren KS, Woods JA, Evans EM. Muscle quality, aerobic fitness and fat mass predict lower-extremity physical function in communitydwelling older adults. Gerontology 2007; 53: 260-6.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  28. Lim S, Park KS, Lee HK, Cho SI; Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Changes in the characteristics of metabolic syndrome in Korea over the period 1998-2001 as determined by Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 1810-2.
    Pubmed CrossRef


This Article


Author ORCID Information

Services
Social Network Service

e-submission

Archives