Basic characteristics of the study participants (n=165)
| Variable | Patients without DM | Patients with DM | Total | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.482 | |||
| Female | 54 (60.7) | 42 (55.3) | 96 (58.2) | |
| Male | 35 (39.3) | 34 (44.7) | 69 (41.8) | |
| Age (y) | <0.001 | |||
| 20–49 | 39 (43.8) | 5 (6.6) | 44 (26.7) | |
| 50–64 | 28 (31.5) | 29 (38.2) | 57 (34.5) | |
| ≥65 | 22 (24.7) | 42 (55.2) | 64 (38.8) | |
| Educational level | 0.003 | |||
| 5 (6.1) | 20 (27.0) | 25 (16.0) | ||
| High school graduate | 32 (39.0) | 24 (32.4) | 56 (35.9) | |
| ≥College graduate | 45 (54.9) | 30 (40.6) | 75 (48.1) | |
| Household income | 0.026 | |||
| Low | 9 (11.3) | 15 (21.4) | 24 (16.0) | |
| Middle | 22 (27.5) | 24 (34.3) | 46 (30.7) | |
| High | 49 (61.2) | 31 (44.3) | 80 (53.3) | |
| Smoking status | 0.352 | |||
| Non-smoker | 80 (95.2) | 65 (91.5) | 145 (93.5) | |
| Current smoker | 4 (4.8) | 6 (8.5) | 10 (6.5) | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.009 | |||
| Non-drinker | 27 (31.8) | 39 (52.0) | 66 (41.3) | |
| Drinker | 58 (68.2) | 36 (48.0) | 94 (58.7) | |
| Physical activity | 0.831 | |||
| Low | 32 (36.0) | 29 (38.2) | 61 (37.0) | |
| Moderate | 38 (42.7) | 31 (40.8) | 69 (41.8) | |
| High | 19 (21.3) | 16 (21.0) | 35 (21.2) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.030 | |||
| <25 | 63 (71.6) | 42 (55.3) | 105 (64.0) | |
| ≥25 | 25 (28.4) | 34 (44.7) | 59 (36.0) |
Values are presented as unweighted number (unweighted percentage).
DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index.
P-value from chi-square testing.