General characteristics of study population
| Variable | Total (n=3,697) | Male (n=1,606) | Female (n=2,091) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 54.53±0.17 | 54.18±0.22 | 54.86±0.23 | 0.702 |
| Height (cm) | 163.32±0.15 | 169.94±0.17 | 156.96±0.16 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.65±0.20 | 70.73±0.29 | 58.80±0.23 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.33±0.18 | 86.55±0.23 | 80.24±0.25 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.15±0.06 | 24.45±0.09 | 23.87±0.09 | <0.001 |
| Folic acid (ng/mL) | 7.68±0.07 | 6.65±0.09 | 8.67±0.09 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 1,037 (25.8) | 478 (27.5) | 559 (24.2) | 0.042 |
| Diabetes (yes) | 381 (9.2) | 182 (9.7) | 199 (8.7) | 0.081 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current | 657 (20.5) | 563 (36.3) | 94 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Never/past | 3,040 (79.5) | 1,043 (63.7) | 1,997 (94.6) | |
| Alcohol | ||||
| Heavy drinking | 432/3,288 (15.5) | 352/1,320 (28.2) | 80/1,968 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Household income | 3,691 | 1,604 | 2,087 | <0.001 |
| Lowest | 652 (14.9) | 235 (11.7) | 417 (18.0) | |
| Lower–intermediate | 886 (22.8) | 381 (21.9) | 505 (23.7) | |
| Intermediate–higher | 1,021 (29.5) | 453 (29.7) | 568 (29.3) | |
| Highest | 1,132 (32.7) | 535 (36.6) | 597 (29.0) |
Values are presented as number only, number (%), or mean±standard error.
P-values for categorical variables tested by chi-square test and for continuous variable by t-test.