Baseline nonclinical features in the two groups of patients with DMR
| Variables | With DMR(n=83) | Middle-aged group (40≤age≤59, n=34) | Elderly group (age≥60, n=49) | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Weighted % (SE) | Number | Weighted % (SE) | Number | Weighted % (SE) | ||||
| Sex, female | 34 | 38.5 (6.26) | 12 | 34.0 (8.97) | 22 | 43.7 (7.50) | 0.394 | ||
| DM diagnose y | 72 | 50.2 (1.40) | 27 | 44.9 (1.60) | 45 | 55.5 (1.82) | <0.001 | ||
| Employed | 47 | 64.4 (5.73) | 28 | 86.8 (6.16) | 19 | 38.7 (7.73) | <0.001 | ||
| Education level | <0.001 | ||||||||
| ≤Elementary school | 33 | 34.6 (5.78) | 4 | 11.3 (6.35) | 29 | 61.2 (7.39) | |||
| Middle school graduation | 11 | 14.1 (4.73) | 4 | 11.8 (6.97) | 7 | 16.8 (5.94) | |||
| ≥High school graduation | 36 | 51.3 (6.20) | 24 | 76.8 (8.81) | 12 | 22.0 (6.66) | |||
| Income, quartile | 0.715 | ||||||||
| Lowest | 30 | 37.3 (6.07) | 13 | 41.9 (9.24) | 17 | 32.2 (6.85) | |||
| Middle | 39 | 45.8 (6.75) | 16 | 43.0 (10.25) | 23 | 48.9 (7.78) | |||
| Highest | 14 | 16.9 (5.27) | 5 | 15.1 (7.93) | 9 | 18.9 (6.13) | |||
| Residence | 0.379 | ||||||||
| Rural | 20 | 17.4 (4.59) | 5 | 13.0 (6.89) | 15 | 22.4 (6.68) | |||
| Urban | 63 | 82.6 (4.59) | 29 | 87.0 (6.89) | 34 | 77.6 (6.68) | |||
| Family type | 0.059 | ||||||||
| Alone | 21 | 20.8 (4.75) | 3 | 11.3 (6.23) | 18 | 31.6 (6.89) | |||
| Not alone | 62 | 79.2 (4.75) | 31 | 88.7 (6.23) | 31 | 68.4 (6.89) | |||
| Marriage status | 0.615 | ||||||||
| Single | 21 | 24.1 (5.33) | 6 | 21.5 (8.22) | 15 | 27.1 (6.81) | |||
| Spouse | 60 | 75.9 (5.33) | 27 | 78.5 (8.22) | 33 | 72.9 (6.81) | |||
| Smoking | 23 | 33.3 (5.95) | 16 | 50.2 (9.05) | 7 | 13.7 (5.42) | 0.003 | ||
| Alcohol | 35 | 42.1 (5.34) | 16 | 46.0 (8.48) | 19 | 37.7 (7.57) | 0.504 | ||
| Exercise | |||||||||
| Aerobic | 11 | 17.2 (6.66) | 7 | 23.2 (11.13) | 4 | 10.4 (5.10) | 0.240 | ||
| Muscle strength | 15 | 20.1 (4.72) | 8 | 23.9 (7.52) | 7 | 15.7 (5.51) | 0.388 | ||
| Walking | 58 | 75.8 (5.58) | 23 | 77.0 (8.75) | 35 | 74.4 (6.00) | 0.810 | ||
| Health screening | 65 | 84.1 (4.24) | 30 | 91.7 (5.91) | 35 | 75.7 (5.79) | 0.130 | ||
| Fundus exam, yes | 30 | 35.6 (6.44) | 12 | 36.9 (9.24) | 18 | 34.0 (7.50) | 0.791 | ||
DMR, diabetic retinopathy; SE, standard error.
P-values were determined using the Rao-Scott chi-square test.