General characteristics of subjects
| Characteristic | Non-exposed group (n=3,314) | Secondhand Smoking group (n=1,103) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 1,064 (32.1) | 487 (44.2) | |
| Female | 2,250 (67.9) | 616 (55.8) | |
| Age (y) | 53.23±16.79 | 48.88±15.89 | <0.001 |
| Under high school graduate | 1,144 (35.4) | 298 (27.8) | <0.001 |
| Monthly money income (10,000 KRW) | 404.07±311.94 | 427.87±317.02 | 0.029 |
| Low money income | 1,475 (44.6) | 443 (40.3) | 0.012 |
| Alcohol drinking | <0.001 | ||
| ≥Twice a week | 2,821 (85.1) | 840 (76.2) | |
| 492 (14.9) | 263 (23.8) | ||
| Physical inactivity | 1,613 (48.7) | 508 (46.1) | 0.132 |
| Diabetes family history | 776 (23.4) | 276 (25.0) | 0.278 |
| Daily energy intake (kcal/d) | 1,847.82±793.31 | 2,014.95±901.76 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119.12±16.72 | 118.00±15.90 | 0.046 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.54±9.65 | 75.70±10.15 | 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 82.39±10.03 | 82.53±10.08 | 0.679 |
| Central obesity | 1,052 (31.8) | 327 (29.7) | 0.209 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.93±3.47 | 23.96±3.47 | 0.853 |
| Overweight, BMI≥25 | 1,127 (34.0) | 394 (35.9) | 0.271 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 101.66±25.82 | 100.87±25.26 | 0.378 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.72±0.82 | 5.66±0.82 | 0.040 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.76±37.22 | 193.80±37.50 | 0.424 |
| High density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 52.01±13.02 | 52.64±13.05 | 0.166 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 128.79±102.91 | 133.79±110.90 | 0.187 |
| Low density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 115.00±33.89 | 114.41±34.06 | 0.617 |
| Urine cotinine (ng/mL) | 2.12±9.26 | 3.12±10.49 | 0.005 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard error.
BMI, body mass index.
P-value was calculated by chi-square test for binary outcomes or independent sample t-test for continuous outcomes.