Comparisons of nutrient intakes according to study subjects
| Characteristics | COPD (N=3,145) |
NCOPD (N=16,748) |
P-value | Obstructive severity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild (N=1,459) |
Moderate (N=1,534) |
Severe, very severe (N=152) |
P-value | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1,969.04±18.40 | 1,996.43±9.62 | 0.164 | 1,999.58±26.50 | 1,951.54±26.44 | 1,858.84±60.45 | 0.069 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 325.07±2.74 | 322.48±1.49 | 0.377 | 330.31±3.86 | 321.62±3.97 | 310.70±10.19 | 0.141 |
| Protein (g) | 66.82±0.85 | 70.02±0.41 | 0.001 | 67.08±1.16 | 67.23±1.32 | 60.14±2.76 | 0.045 |
| Fat (g) | 33.37±0.72 | 37.51±0.31 | <0.001 | 32.74±0.93 | 34.45±1.14 | 28.38±2.15 | 0.128 |
| Fat-soluble vitamins | |||||||
| Vitamin A (μgRE) | 756.46±25.28 | 853.65±13.37 | <0.001 | 804.02±43.04 | 718.67±28.97 | 691.77±111.13 | 0.193 |
| Carotene (μg) | 3,978.10±144.26 | 4,440.93±76.53 | 0.004 | 4,230.78±243.39 | 3,769.69±164.52 | 3,711.76±97.24 | 0.221 |
| Retinol (μg) | 78.89±4.34 | 99.08±3.69 | <0.001 | 80.99±7.11 | 79.18±68.09 | 56.15±6.46 | 0.019 |
| Water-soluble vitamins | |||||||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 100.29±2.32 | 116.20±1.33 | <0.001 | 103.39±3.47 | 99.48±3.05 | 79.33±7.35 | 0.006 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.54±0.02 | 1.60±0.01 | 0.006 | 1.58±0.03 | 1.51±0.03 | 1.31±0.07 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.13±0.01 | 1.25±0.08 | <0.001 | 1.16±0.02 | 1.13±0.02 | 0.96±0.05 | 0.001 |
| Niacin (mg) | 15.85±0.22 | 16.80±0.10 | <0.001 | 15.97±0.31 | 15.89±0.33 | 14.36±0.67 | 0.063 |
| Major minerals | |||||||
| Calcium (mg) | 492.43±8.34 | 515.46±4.25 | 0.012 | 506.19±13.35 | 482.70±10.19 | 461.47±34.02 | 0.299 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 1,120.63±5.84 | 1,158.78±11.87 | 0.003 | 1,131.90±17.50 | 1,120.41±17.21 | 1,016.63±35.04 | 0.007 |
| Sodium (mg) | 4,442.59±68.10 | 4,665.47±35.37 | 0.003 | 4,450.51±95.61 | 4,417.14±93.10 | 4,626.02±484.43 | 0.895 |
| Potassium (mg) | 3,013.37±35.71 | 3,227.02±18.82 | <0.001 | 3,068.98±50.71 | 2,994.53±51.38 | 2,680.67±129.14 | 0.010 |
| Trace minerals | |||||||
| Iron (mg) | 16.41±0.34 | 17.00±0.17 | 0.115 | 16.85±0.55 | 16.04±0.35 | 16.10±1.76 | 0.386 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NCOPD, non-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.