Proportions of subjects with nutrient intake above the estimated average requirement (EAR) according to COPD
| Characteristics | EAR | COPD (N=3,145) |
NCOPD (N=16,748) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 2,200 | 1,800 | 1,129 (36.3) | 6,930 (43.2) | <0.001 |
| Protein (g) | 45 | 40 | 2,294 (72.7) | 13,044 (79.7) | <0.001 |
| Fat-soluble vitamins | |||||
| Vitamin A (μgRE) | 530 | 430 | 1,564 (50.0) | 10,100 (60.8) | <0.001 |
| Water-soluble vitamins | |||||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 75 | 75 | 1,531 (47.9) | 9,403 (56.1) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.0 | 0.9 | 2,161 (69.1) | 12,269 (75.7) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1,117 (36.4) | 7,953 (48.8) | <0.001 |
| Niacin (mg) | 12 | 11 | 1,948 (61.8) | 11,296 (69.6) | <0.001 |
| Major minerals | |||||
| Calcium (mg) | 570 | 560 | 915 (28.8) | 5,332 (33.1) | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 580 | 580 | 2,782 (87.8) | 14,982 (90.2) | 0.001 |
| Sodium (mg) | 1,500 | 1,500 | 2,851 (90.3) | 15,305 (92.0) | 0.014 |
| Potassium (mg) | 3,500 | 3,500 | 936 (29.4) | 5,577 (34.7) | <0.001 |
| Trace minerals | |||||
| Iron (mg) | 7 | 6 | 2,765 (87.7) | 15,203 (91.7) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as number (%).
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NCOPD, non-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.