Comparisons of nutrient intakes according to estimated average requirement (EAR)
| Characteristics | Intake nutrient below the EAR | Intake nutrient above the EAR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD | NCOPD | P-value | COPD | NCOPD | P-value | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 1,509.28±11.54 | 1,449.90±4.74 | <0.001 | 2,777.00±27.61 | 2,715.10±13.27 | 0.042 | |
| Protein (g) | 31.74±0.37 | 31.11±0.15 | 0.113 | 79.98±0.96 | 79.95±0.44 | 0.982 | |
| Fat-soluble vitamins | |||||||
| Vitamin A (μgRE) | 263.16±4.22 | 275.11±1.86 | 0.009 | 1,249.24±44.46 | 1,225.99±19.62 | 0.624 | |
| Water-soluble vitamins | |||||||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 39.77±0.58 | 41.94±0.27 | 0.001 | 166.14±3.48 | 174.40±1.77 | 0.032 | |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.68±0.008 | 0.67±0.003 | 0.728 | 1.92±0.02 | 1.90±0.25 | 0.477 | |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 0.72±0.008 | 0.74±0.003 | 0.037 | 1.87±0.02 | 1.79±0.01 | 0.012 | |
| Niacin (mg) | 8.28±0.08 | 8.30±0.03 | 0.831 | 20.53±0.28 | 20.52±0.12 | 0.976 | |
| Major minerals | |||||||
| Calcium (mg) | 325.94±3.56 | 342.99±1.46 | <0.001 | 903.76±18.67 | 864.19±9.37 | 0.061 | |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 440.54±7.69 | 449.16±3.08 | 0.293 | 1,215.09±11.49 | 1,235.44±5.76 | 0.110 | |
| Sodium (mg) | 1,034.55±22.65 | 1,067.61±11.09 | 0.191 | 4,808.39±70.04 | 4,980.01±36.14 | 0.026 | |
| Potassium (mg) | 2,211.85±20.13 | 2,302.70±8.60 | <0.001 | 4,935.56±56.48 | 4,964.25±28.30 | 0.650 | |
| Trace minerals | |||||||
| Iron (mg) | 4.73±0.09 | 4.70±0.43 | 0.775 | 18.05±0.36 | 18.12±0.18 | 0.864 | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NCOPD, non-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.