Multiple logistic regression analysis for factors associated with PHQ-9 score
| Variable | Regression coefficient | P-value | Odds ratio |
95% confidence interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived health status | ||||
| Very good or good | 1 | |||
| Fair or poor or very poor | 1.156 | <0.001 | 3.179 | 3.168–3.189 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | |||
| Female | 1.147 | <0.001 | 3.149 | 3.139–3.159 |
| Unmet medical needs | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.688 | <0.001 | 1.990 | 1.982–1.998 |
| Pain and discomfort | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.683 | <0.001 | 1.980 | 1.973–1.986 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1 | |||
| Single | 0.437 | <0.01 | 1.548 | 1.542–1.554 |
| Health screening | ||||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| No | 0.339 | <0.001 | 1.404 | 1.400–1.408 |
| Current smoking | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.306 | <0.001 | 1.357 | 1.353–1.362 |
| Physical activity (moderate-intensity) | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.288 | <0.001 | 1.334 | 1.329–1.338 |
| Aerobic exercise | ||||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 0.271 | <0.001 | 1.312 | 1.307–1.316 |
| Walking | ||||
| ≤4 Times a week | 1 | |||
| ≥5 Times a week | 0.258 | <0.001 | 1.294 | 1.290–1.298 |
| Household members | ||||
| 1–2 | 1 | |||
| 3–6 | 0.214 | <0.001 | 1.238 | 1.234–1.242 |
| Alcohol | ||||
| ≤4 Times a month | 1 | |||
| ≥Twice a week | 0.178 | <0.001 | 1.195 | 1.191–1.199 |
| Age, y | ||||
| 19–29 | 1 | |||
| 30–39 | 0.162 | <0.001 | 1.176 | 1.172–1.180 |
| Perceived body type | ||||
| Thin or normal | 1 | |||
| Obese | 0.082 | <0.001 | 1.085 | 1.082–1.088 |
| Education | ||||
| ≤High school | 1 | |||
| ≥College | 0.062 | <0.001 | 1.064 | 1.061–1.067 |
| Weight-control | ||||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| No | 0.046 | <0.001 | 1.048 | 1.044–1.051 |
| Muscular exercise | ||||
| None | 1 | |||
| ≥Once a week | -0.331 | <0.001 | 0.718 | 0.716–0.721 |
| Constant | -3.981 | <0.001 | 0.019 | |
PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
aAnalyzed by weighted multiple logistic regression adjusted for perceived health status, sex, unmet medical needs, pain and discomfort, marital status, health screening, current smoking, physical activity, aerobic exercise, walking, household members, alcohol, age, perceived body type, education, physical activity, muscular exercise.