Comparison before and after the COVID-19 lockdown by sex
| Variables | Male (n=1,013) | Female (n=854) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before (2019) | After (2020) | P-value | Before (2019) | After (2020) | P-value | ||
| Age (y) | 51.7±16.6 | 52.7±16.6 | - | 46.7±11.7 | 47.7±11.7 | - | |
| Alcohol, current | 782 (77.2) | 756 (74.6) | 0.231 | 261 (30.6) | 266 (31.1) | 0.857 | |
| Smoking, current | 282 (27.8) | 274 (27.0) | 0.758 | 11 (1.3) | 10 (1.2) | 0.943 | |
| Exercise, ≥3 times/week | 370 (36.5) | 385 (38.0) | 0.692 | 293 (34.3) | 238 (27.9) | 0.082 | |
| Past history | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 107 (10.6) | 118 (11.6) | 0.522 | 26 (3.1) | 31 (3.6) | 0.590 | |
| Hypertension | 292 (28.8) | 305 (30.1) | 0.523 | 87 (10.2) | 99 (11.6) | 0.390 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 163 (16.1) | 197 (19.4) | 0.061 | 85 (10.0) | 98 (11.5) | 0.345 | |
| Weight |
73.9±11.1 | 73.9±11.3 | 0.955 | 58.9±9.3 | 59.3±9.7 | 0.366 | |
| Body mass index |
25.1±3.3 | 25.1±3.4 | 0.949 | 23.2±3.4 | 23.4±3.5 | 0.336 | |
| WC |
88.0±8.3 | 88.0±8.5 | 0.956 | 79.1±9.2 | 78.5±10.0 | 0.091 | |
| Systolic blood pressure |
124.3±12.8 | 125.3±13.2 | 0.113 | 116.8±13.7 | 117.8±14.5 | 0.186 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure |
76.7±9.6 | 78.0±10.2 | 0.006 | 70.3±9.5 | 71.1±10.2 | 0.164 | |
| FBS |
104.2±23.5 | 101.2±21.1 | 0.001 | 94.8±13.2 | 92.9±14.0 | <0.001 | |
| TG |
133.6±76.0 | 133.1±74.7 | 0.603 | 92.2±55.9 | 92.2±53.0 | 0.248 | |
| HDL |
52.4±11.4 | 55.4±12.4 | <0.001 | 63.8±12.8 | 66.9±13.5 | <0.001 | |
| Metabolic syndrome | 408 (40.3) | 396 (39.1) | 0.617 | 167 (19.6) | 168 (19.7) | >0.999 | |
| Elevated blood pressure | 538 (53.1) | 575 (56.8) | 0.108 | 214 (25.1) | 252 (29.5) | 0.044 | |
| Elevated FBS | 501 (49.5) | 427 (42.2) | 0.001 | 223 (26.1) | 173 (20.3) | 0.005 | |
| Elevated TG | 481 (47.5) | 494 (48.8) | 0.594 | 235 (27.5) | 247 (28.9) | 0.554 | |
| Low HDL | 229 (22.6) | 229 (22.6) | 1.000 | 173 (20.3) | 146 (17.1) | 0.106 | |
| Elevated WC | 417 (41.2) | 426 (42.1) | 0.718 | 241 (28.2) | 252 (29.5) | 0.593 | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation for continuous variables or number (%) for categorical variables.
WC, waist circumference; FBS, fasting blood sugar; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; -, not available.
aLog substitution is performed with non-normal distribution.
P-values are from t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables, respectively.