Baseline characteristics of the subjects according to housing poverty
Variable | Housing poverty (semi-basement/rooftop) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
No (N=9,843) | Yes (N=240) | ||
Age, y | 74.4 (6.2) | 75.1 (6.4) | 0.09 |
Male | 3,965 (40.3) | 81 (33.8) | 0.04 |
Level of income | <0.001 | ||
1st quintile | 1,949 (19.8) | 88 (36.7) | |
2nd quintile | 1,971 (20.0) | 52 (21.7) | |
3rd quintile | 1,984 (20.2) | 32 (13.3) | |
4th quintile | 1,966 (20.0) | 44 (18.3) | |
5th quintile | 1,972 (20.0) | 24 (10.0) | |
Education level | |||
None | 2,609 (26.5) | 90 (37.5) | 0.001 |
Elementary school | 3,468 (35.2) | 70 (29.2) | |
Middle school | 1,562 (15.9) | 40 (16.7) | |
High school | 1,556 (15.8) | 32 (13.3) | |
College or higher | 648 (6.6) | 8 (3.3) | |
Self-perceived health | 0.054 | ||
Very good | 203 (2.1) | 3 (1.2) | |
Good | 3,311 (33.6) | 73 (30.4) | |
Reasonable | 2,296 (23.3) | 46 (19.2) | |
Bad | 3,582 (36.4) | 100 (41.7) | |
Very bad | 451 (4.6) | 18 (7.5) | |
ADL disability | 702 (7.1) | 32 (13.3) | <0.001 |
IADL disability | 2,528 (25.7) | 80 (33.3) | 0.007 |
Household type | <0.001 | ||
Alone | 2,435 (24.7) | 117 (48.8) | |
Married without children | 4,897 (49.8) | 69 (28.7) | |
Others | 2,511 (25.5) | 54 (22.5) | |
Employed | 3,136 (31.9) | 67 (27.9) | 0.19 |
Recent admission history | 1,715 (17.4) | 51 (21.2) | 0.12 |
Chronic disease |
6,820 (69.3) | 173 (72.1) | 0.35 |
Cardiovascular disease |
1,371 (13.9) | 37 (15.4) | 0.51 |
Cancer | 353 (3.6) | 7 (2.9) | 0.58 |
Polypharmacy |
3,814 (38.7) | 97 (40.4) | 0.60 |
Smoking | 919 (9.3) | 31 (12.9) | 0.06 |
Frequent alcohol consumption |
619 (6.3) | 25 (10.4) | 0.01 |
Physical activity | 6,583 (66.9) | 154 (64.2) | 0.38 |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) for continuous measures, and number (%) for categorical measures.
ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.
aDiagnosed with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia. bDiagnosed with coronary artery disease or stroke. cTaking more than 3 kinds of prescribed drugs. dMore than 4 days per week.
P-values were calculated using t-test for continuous variable and chi-square test for categorical variable.