Nutritional status according to Korean Healthy Eating Index
| Korean Healthy Eating Index | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (16.0–55.1) | Q2 (55.2–64.5) | Q3 (64.6–73.1) | Q4 (73.2–100) | P-value | |
| Total calories (kcal/day) | 2,155.4±26.5 | 2,223.0±26.0 | 2,204.6±20.3 | 2,179.1±21.4 | 0.225 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 58.3±0.4 | 61.3±0.3 | 62.2±0.3 | 62.7±0.3 | <0.001 |
| Protein (%) | 13.5±0.1 | 13.8±0.1 | 14.1±0.1 | 14.5±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Fat (%) | 9.8±0.1 | 8.6±0.1 | 8.5±0.1 | 8.9±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Saturated fatty acid (%) | 6.7±0.1 | 5.6±0.1 | 5.4±0.1 | 5.6±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin A (µg RE/day) | 731.5±26.2 | 761.9±24.5 | 819.6±23.0 | 856.1±22.0 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/day) | 2.1±0.0 | 2.1±0.0 | 2.2±0.0 | 2.3±0.0 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg/day) | 1.4±0.0 | 1.5±0.0 | 1.5±0.0 | 1.6±0.0 | <0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 72.4±2.4 | 92.1±2.7 | 113.9±3.2 | 140.4±4.1 | <0.001 |
| Niacin (mg/day) | 17.0±0.3 | 17.8±0.3 | 18.1±0.2 | 18.6±0.3 | 0.001 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 461.4±8.0 | 498.2±6.7 | 530.8±6.9 | 587.5±8.2 | <0.001 |
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | 1,063.6±15.2 | 1,144.6±14.6 | 1,186.9±12.0 | 1,252.0±14.7 | <0.001 |
Data was expressed as mean±standard errors for categorical variables.
Q, quartile; RE, retinol equivalents.
The carbohydrate intake and protein intake proportions were calculated: carbohydrate intake (g/day)×4 kcal/total energy intake (kcal/day)×100 and protein intake (g/day)×4 kcal/total energy intake (kcal/day)×100. The fat intake proportions were calculated: fat intake (g/day)×9 kcal/total energy intake (kcal/day)×100.
P-values are calculated using a weighted one-way analysis of variance.