Characteristics of participants according to sleep duration
| Characteristic | Sleep duration (hr) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <6 (n=3,219) | 6–8 (n=8,504) | >8 (n=4,998) | P-value | |
| Age (y) | 50.9±0.4 | 45.4±0.3 | 46.8±0.4 | <0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 48.3 (1.0) | 52.6 (0.6) | 46.7 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker |
21.9 (0.9) | 22.4 (0.6) | 20.0 (0.8) | 0.035 |
| Binge drinking |
14.1 (0.7) | 13.7 (0.5) | 12.8 (0.6) | 0.352 |
| Aerobic physical activity |
44.9 (1.1) | 49.0 (0.7) | 43.8 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.4±0.1 | 24.0±0.1 | 23.7±0.1 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.3±0.35 | 116.9±0.23 | 117.2±0.31 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.5±0.22 | 76.3±0.15 | 74.9±0.20 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.2±0.03 | 5.2±0.02 | 5.1±0.02 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 194.7±0.84 | 193.0±0.52 | 191.7±0.64 | 0.010 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 114.9±0.81 | 114.3±0.47 | 113.1±0.58 | 0.124 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50.8±0.27 | 51.4±0.18 | 51.0±0.22 | 0.163 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 144.8±2.74 | 136.8±1.88 | 137.3±2.09 | 0.034 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 103.1±0.53 | 98.9±0.29 | 99.9±0.40 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8±0.02 | 5.6±0.01 | 5.6±0.01 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 24.6 (0.9) | 16.8 (0.5) | 20.1 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9.7 (0.6) | 6.4 (0.3) | 7.9 (0.4) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as percentage (standard error) or mean±standard error.
BP, blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.
aDefined as current smoker and smoking >5 packs of cigarette in lifetime. bDefined as drinking >7 drinks in one place for male and >5 drinks in one place for female at least twice per week. cDefined as >2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate physical activity or >1 hour of severe physical activity performed in a week.
P-values were obtained by chi-square test or analysis of variance.