Association between carotid atherosclerosis, carotid plaque, CIMT and vitamin D status after adjustment for various confounders
Vitamin D | |||
---|---|---|---|
Insufficiency | Deficiency | ||
Carotid atherosclerosis | Unadjusted | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) |
0.84 (0.70–1.01) |
Model 1 |
0.98 (0.80–1.20) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | |
Model 2 |
0.97 (0.80–1.19) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | |
Model 3 |
0.97 (0.80–1.19) | 0.98 (0.80–1.20) | |
Carotid plaque | Unadjusted | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) |
Model 1 | 1.20 (0.78–0.93) | 1.00 (0.82–1.22) | |
Model 2 | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | |
Model 3 | 1.02 (0.83–1.24) | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | |
Increased CIMT |
Unadjusted | 0.97 (0.79–1.20) | 0.87 (0.71–1.07) |
Model 1 | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 0.98 (0.79–1.23) | |
Model 2 | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) | 0.98 (0.78–1.23) | |
Model 3 | 0.99 (0.79–1.23) | 0.98 (0.78–1.23) |
Values are expressed as odds ratio (95% confidence intervals).
CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness.
aModel 1: adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, smoking, drinking, physical activity, seasonal variation. bModel 2: adjusted for Model 1+diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, calcium, phosphorous, creatinine. cModel 3: adjusted for Model 2+body mass index. dBy logistic regression adjusted for none or Model 1 or Model 2 or Model 3. eIncreased CIMT was defined as over 0.9 mm carotid intima-media thickness at least one carotid artery calculated by carotid sonography.