Cardiovascular outcomes trial with DPP-4 inhibitor, SGLT2-inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists
| Class | Drugs | Number of patients | Follow-up (y) | Age (y) | BMI (kg/m2) |
DM duration (y) |
HbA1c (%) | Cardiovascular outcomes | All cause death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MACE | CV death | MI | Stroke | |||||||||
| DPP-4 inhibitors |
Linagliptin | 6,979 | 2.2 | 66.1 | 31.4 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 0.96 (0.81–1.14) | 1.12 (0.90–1.40) | 0.91 (0.67–1.23) | 0.98 (0.84–1.13) |
| Sitagliptin | 14,671 | 3.0 | 65.0 | 29.5 | 11.6 | 7.2 | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 1.01 (0.90–1.14) | |
| Saxagliptin | 16,492 | 2.1 | 65.1 | 31.1 | 10.3 | 8.0 | 1.00 (0.89–1.12) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 1.11 (0.88–1.39) | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) | |
| Alogliptin | 5,380 | 1.5 | 61.0 | 28.7 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 0.96 (≤1.16) | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) | 0.91 (0.55–1.50) | 0.88 (0.71–1.09) | |
| SGLT-2 inhibitors |
Empagliflozin | 7,020 | 3.1 | 63.1 | 30.6 | 10.9 |
8.1 | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) |
0.62 (0.49–0.77) |
0.87 (0.70–1.09) | 1.24 (0.92–1.67) | 0.68 (0.57–0.82) |
| Canagliflozin | 10,142 | 3.6 | 63.3 | 32.0 | 13.5 | 8.2 | 0.86 (0.75–0.97) |
0.87 (0.72–1.06) | 0.85 (0.69–1.05) | 0.90 (0.71–1.15) | 0.87 (0.74–1.01) | |
| Dapagliflozin | 17,160 | 4.2 | 63.9 | 32.1 | 11.8 | 8.3 | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.98 (0.82–1.17) | 0.89 (0.77–1.01) | 1.01 (0.84–1.21) | 0.93 (0.82–1.04) | |
| GLP-1 receptor agonists |
Liraglutide | 9,340 | 3.8 | 64.0 | 32.5 | 12.8 | 8.7 | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) |
0.78 (0.66–0.93) |
0.86 (0.73–1.00) | 0.86 (0.71–1.06) | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) |
| Semaglutide | 3,297 | 2.0 | 65.0 | 32.8 | 13.9 | 8.7 | 0.74 (0.58–0.95) |
0.98 (0.65–0.93) |
0.81 (0.57–1.16) | 0.65 (0.41–1.03) | 1.05 (0.74–1.50) | |
| Semaglutide (oral) | 3,183 | 1.3 | 66.0 | 32.3 | 14.9 | 8.2 | 0.79 (0.57–1.11) | 0.49 (0.27–0.92) |
1.18 (0.73–1.90) | 0.76 (0.37–1.56) | 0.51 (0.31–0.84) |
|
| Albiglutide | 9,463 | 1.5 | 64.0 | 32.3 | 14.2 | 8.7 | 0.78 (0.68–0.90) |
0.93 (0.73–1.19) | 0.75 (0.61–0.90) |
0.86 (0.66–1.14) | 0.95 (0.79–1.16) | |
| Dulaglutide | 9,901 | 5.4 | 66.0 | 32.3 | 10.5 | 7.3 | 0.88 (0.79–0.99) |
0.91 (0.78–1.06) | 0.96 (0.79–1.15) | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) |
0.90 (0.80–1.01) | |
| Exenatide | 14,753 | 3.2 | 62.0 | 32.7 | 13.1 | 8.1 | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) | 0.86 (0.77–0.97) |
|
| Lixixenatide | 6,068 | 2.0 | 60.0 | 30.1 | 9.2 | 7.7 | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 0.98 (0.78–1.22) | 1.03 (0.87–1.22) | 1.12 (0.79–1.58) | 0.94 (0.78–1.13) | |
| Efpeglenatide | 4,076 | 65.0 | 32.7 | 15.4 | 8.9 | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) |
0.72 (0.50–1.03) | 0.75 (0.54–1.05) | 0.74 (0.47–1.17) | 0.78 (0.58–1.06) | ||
Values are presented as number only, mean only, or hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).
DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; SGLT2, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; MACE, major cardiovascular adverse events; CV, cardiovascular; MI, myocardial infarction.
aThis data is a recalculated number based on the distribution of Time since diagnosis of type 2 diabetes presented in the Empa-Reg trial.
*P<0.05.