General characteristics of type of households and heavy smoking status
| Characteristic | One-person (n=888) | Multi-person (n=7,096) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-heavy smoking | Heavy smoking | P-value | Non-heavy smoking | Heavy smoking | P-value | ||
| Age (y) | 0.022 | <0.001 | |||||
| 19–29 | 118 (23.4) | 5 (10.7) | 1,009 (21.9) | 28 (8.7) | |||
| 30–39 | 125 (22.0) | 11 (21.3) | 1,574 (25.7) | 84 (19.0) | |||
| 40–49 | 111 (17.0) | 19 (31.3) | 1,440 (23.5) | 171 (35.8) | |||
| 50–59 | 166 (18.5) | 23 (26.4) | 1,246 (17.8) | 148 (27.5) | |||
| 60–69 | 159 (11.3) | 8 (6.2) | 766 (7.0) | 69 (7.8) | |||
| ≥70 | 137 (7.9) | 6 (4.0) | 548 (4.1) | 13 (1.3) | |||
| Sex | 0.008 | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 611 (81.5) | 65 (93.6) | 5,554 (85.8) | 500 (98.1) | |||
| Female | 205 (18.5) | 7 (6.4) | 1,029 (14.2) | 13 (1.9) | |||
| Household income | 0.063 | 0.506 | |||||
| Low | 348 (33.1) | 17 (18.0) | 940 (12.4) | 71 (12.9) | |||
| Medium-low | 186 (22.5) | 12 (19.9) | 1,737 (26.5) | 143 (29.6) | |||
| Medium-high | 148 (24.1) | 19 (31.9) | 2,011 (32.2) | 153 (31.6) | |||
| High | 132 (20.3) | 22 (30.2) | 1,850 (28.9) | 139 (25.9) | |||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| ≤Elementary school | 215 (15.9) | 12 (12.0) | 815 (9.0) | 71 (11.8) | |||
| Middle school | 81 (7.3) | 17 (22.2) | 646 (9.1) | 88 (17.7) | |||
| High school | 275 (41.3) | 27 (51.3) | 2592 (44.9) | 209 (46.1) | |||
| ≥College/university | 210 (35.4) | 14 (14.5) | 2287 (37.1) | 120 (24.4) | |||
| Marital status | 0.031 | 0.002 | |||||
| Married | 96 (9.1) | 16 (17.9) | 4,841 (67.0) | 416 (75.1) | |||
| Divorced/widowed/unmarried | 720 (90.9) | 56 (82.1) | 1,742 (33.0) | 96 (24.9) | |||
| Occupation | 0.227 | <0.001 | |||||
| Non-manual | 137 (22.7) | 13 (15.3) | 1,753 (27.3) | 97 (18.5) | |||
| Manual | 327 (42.4) | 34 (54.0) | 3,071 (47.6) | 324 (64.6) | |||
| Others | 352 (34.9) | 25 (30.7) | 1,759 (25.1) | 92 (16.9) | |||
| Regular exercise | 293 (38.7) | 18 (27.5) | 0.135 | 2,359 (37.2) | 142 (27.8) | <0.001 | |
| Body weight | 0.634 | <0.001 | |||||
| Underweight | 114 (13.6) | 9 (13.0) | 818 (12.2) | 42 (6.9) | |||
| Normal | 430 (51.3) | 34 (45.3) | 3,403 (51.1) | 241 (47.0) | |||
| Overweight | 268 (35.1) | 29 (41.7) | 2,330 (36.7) | 229 (46.1) | |||
| Level of stress | 0.142 | 0.010 | |||||
| None/low | 266 (31.4) | 30 (42.2) | 2,153 (34.0) | 201 (40.3) | |||
| Moderate/extreme | 549 (68.6) | 42 (57.8) | 4,429 (66.0) | 312 (59.7) | |||
| Depression | 111 (18.6) | 12 (22.4) | 0.538 | 589 (12.1) | 68 (18.3) | 0.002 | |
| Alcohol | 0.114 | 0.002 | |||||
| None | 100 (9.1) | 10 (12.9) | 477 (6.2) | 50 (8.2) | |||
| ≤1 time/wk | 351 (50.3) | 25 (33.8) | 3,007 (48.7) | 150 (31.6) | |||
| >1 time/wk | 321 (40.6) | 34 (53.3) | 2,879 (45.1) | 298 (60.2) | |||
| Age of starting smoking (y) | 0.002 | <0.001 | |||||
| ≤19 | 365 (51.9) | 49 (72.9) | 3,487 (57.8) | 346 (70.4) | |||
| 20–25 | 296 (36.5) | 20 (24.6) | 2,497 (35.3) | 140 (25.7) | |||
| ≥26 | 153 (11.6) | 3 (2.5) | 587 (6.9) | 26 (3.9) | |||
| Smoking period (y) | 0.005 | <0.001 | |||||
| ≤9 | 117 (21.9) | 3 (4.1) | 891 (18.6) | 18 (5.6) | |||
| 10–29 | 313 (45.3) | 29 (52.0) | 3,274 (53.4) | 257 (55.2) | |||
| ≥30 | 384 (32.8) | 40 (43.9) | 2,406 (28.0) | 237 (39.1) | |||
Values are presented as number (%).
P-value were calculated by chi-square test.