Odds ratios of low handgrip strength according to masticatory difficulty in males and females
| Masticatory difficulty | Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | |||
| Masticatory difficulty | |||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 1.17 (0.64–2.13) | 0.96 (0.50–1.83) | 0.99 (0.50–1.97) |
| P-value | 0.614 | 0.895 | 0.975 |
| Severity of masticatory difficulty | |||
| None | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Mild | 1.05 (0.47–2.32) | 1.08 (0.46–2.55) | 1.16 (0.47–2.87) |
| Moderate | 0.97 (0.48–1.97) | 0.68 (0.33–1.42) | 0.73 (0.34–1.59) |
| Severe | 2.28 (1.02–5.13) | 1.75 (0.74–4.17) | 1.57 (0.63–3.88) |
| P-value | 0.21 | 0.818 | 0.909 |
| Female | |||
| Masticatory difficulty | |||
| No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Yes | 2.21 (1.36–3.62) | 1.82 (1.10–3.00) | 1.76 (1.04–2.99) |
| P-value | 0.002 | 0.02 | 0.034 |
| Severity of masticatory difficulty | |||
| None | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Mild | 1.49 (0.82–2.69) | 1.36 (0.75–2.48) | 1.29 (0.70–2.39) |
| Moderate | 2.18 (1.21–3.93) | 1.76 (0.95–3.28) | 1.76 (0.92–3.36) |
| Severe | 8.59 (3.67–20.14) | 5.40 (2.27–12.82) | 5.67 (2.30–13.96) |
| P-value | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Values are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) calculated by multivariable logistic regression analysis.
aModel 1 was unadjusted.
bModel 2 was adjusted for age.
cModel 3 was adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption and aerobic physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.