The characteristics of included study participants
| Variable | Male (n=1,803) | Female (n=2,405) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 56.50±0.37 | 57.97±0.37 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.60±0.25 | 82.30±0.25 | <0.001 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 38.08±0.07 | 32.85±0.05 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.53±0.08 | 23.77±0.09 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm/Hg) | 122.29±0.45 | 121.15±0.52 | 0.056 |
| DBP (mm/Hg) | 78.63±0.29 | 75.24±0.26 | <0.001 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 107.07±0.72 | 101.16±0.55 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.96±0.02 | 5.87±0.02 | 0.004 |
| Insulin (uIU/mL) | 8.66±0.18 | 8.39±0.15 | 0.249 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.13±0.89 | 198.44±0.94 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.18±0.33 | 55.34±0.36 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 165.81±3.79 | 118.80±1.87 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 114.87±0.82 | 119.94±0.86 | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 144.95±0.84 | 143.10±0.92 | 0.136 |
Values are presented as mean±standard error of the mean.
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
aCalculated by t-test.