Multivariable logistic regression analysis of HRV parameters for sarcopenia (normal, Class I, and Class II)
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | ||||||
| Age (y) | M | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | <0.001 | ||||
| F | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | <0.001 | |||||
| Obesity (BMI ≥25) | M | 10.52 (9.20–12.03) | <0.001 | 9.25 (7.07–12.11) | <0.001 | 9.22 (7.04–12.08) | <0.001 | 9.24 (7.06–12.10) | <0.001 | 9.26 (7.0–12.13) | <0.001 | ||||
| F | 8.98 (7.96–10.14) | <0.001 | 8.52 (6.72–10.81) | <0.001 | 8.57 (6.76–10.88) | <0.001 | 8.48 (6.69–10.76) | <0.001 | 8.50 (6.70–10.78) | <0.001 | |||||
| Physical activity (none) | M | 1.33 (1.19–1.48) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.11–1.73) | 0.005 | 1.38 (1.10–1.72) | 0.005 | 1.38 (1.10–1.73) | 0.005 | 1.38 (1.10–1.73) | 0.005 | ||||
| F | 1.33 (1.18–1.50) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.90–1.43) | 0.274 | 1.13 (0.89–1.42) | 0.312 | 1.13 (0.90–1.43) | 0.287 | 1.13 (0.90–1.43) | 0.291 | |||||
| HTN | M | 2.60 (2.33–2.91) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.33–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.65 (1.31–2.08) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.33–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.33–2.10) | <0.001 | ||||
| F | 2.68 (2.36–3.05) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.02–1.77) | 0.036 | 1.33 (1.01–1.76) | 0.041 | 1.34 (1.02–1.76) | 0.039 | 1.34 (1.02–1.76) | 0.038 | |||||
| Dyslipidemia | M | 1.45 (1.25–1.69) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.17–1.84) | 0.001 | 1.46 (1.16–1.83) | 0.001 | 1.46 (1.17–1.83) | 0.001 | 1.47 (1.17–1.84) | 0.001 | ||||
| F | 1.32 (1.13–1.54) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | 0.330 | 0.88 (0.68–1.12) | 0.297 | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | 0.319 | 0.89 (0.70–1.15) | 0.376 | |||||
| DM | M | 1.88 (1.63–2.17) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.83–1.50) | 0.479 | 1.07 (0.79–1.44) | 0.655 | 1.13 (0.84–1.51) | 0.430 | 1.13 (0.85–1.52) | 0.399 | ||||
| F | 2.00 (1.62–2.46) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.54–1.38) | 0.525 | 0.83 (0.52–1.33) | 0.435 | 0.87 (0.54–1.39) | 0.548 | 0.87 (0.54–1.39) | 0.548 | |||||
| Smoking (current) | M | 0.98 (0.86–1.10) | 0.692 | ||||||||||||
| F | 1.35 (0.81–2.28) | 0.252 | |||||||||||||
| HRV parameters | |||||||||||||||
| SDNN (≤20 msec) | M | 1.54 (1.31–1.81) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.86–1.53) | 0.346 | ||||||||||
| F | 1.91 (1.60–2.28) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.85–1.56) | 0.366 | |||||||||||
| RMSSD (≤10 msec) | M | 2.05 (1.70–2.47) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.16–2.21) | 0.004 | ||||||||||
| F | 2.81 (2.22–3.55) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.08–2.49) | 0.021 | |||||||||||
| TP (<1,000 msec2) | M | 1.33 (1.15–1.53) | <0.001 | 1.26 (0.98–1.62) | 0.074 | ||||||||||
| F | 1.48 (1.28–1.72) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.00–1.68) | 0.049 | |||||||||||
| LF/HF ratio | |||||||||||||||
| <0.5 | M | 0.86 (0.71–1.04) | 0.125 | 1.06 (0.77–1.45) | 0.725 | ||||||||||
| F | 0.76 (0.66–0.89) | 0.001 | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) | 0.601 | |||||||||||
| >2.0 | M | 1.20 (1.05–1.38) | 0.008 | 1.08 (0.85–1.37) | 0.545 | ||||||||||
| F | 1.24 (1.06–1.46) | 0.009 | 1.01 (0.76–1.35) | 0.934 | |||||||||||
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; HRV, heart rate variability; SDNN, standard deviation of normal-to-normal interval; RMSSD, root mean square of successive NN interval differences; TP, total power; LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; M, male; F, female.
Model 1 are Crude data. Model 2 are adjusted age, obesity, physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and SDNN. Model 3 are adjusted age, obesity, physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and RMSSD. Model 4 are adjusted age, obesity, physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and TP. Model 5 are adjusted age, obesity, physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and LF/HF ratio.
OR and P-values were calculated using logistic regression.