Anthropometric measurement, metabolic indicators, and nutrition intake according to BMI (Group 2)
| Variable | Male by BMI category (kg/m2) | Female by BMI category (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5–22.9 | 23.0–24.9 | 25.0–29.9 | 30.0–34.9 | ≥35.0 | P-value |
18.5–22.9 | 23.0–24.9 | 25.0–29.9 | 30.0–34.9 | ≥35.0 | P-value |
||
| Age (y) | 28.2±0.3 | 29.8±0.4 | 30.8±0.3 | 29.9±0.6 | 26.7±1.1 | <0.001 | 28.9±0.2 | 30.6±0.5 | 30.3±0.5 | 30.1±0.8 | 29.6±1.3 | 0.004 | |
| WC (cm) | 77.3±0.3 | 84.4±0.3 | 92.8±0.3 | 103.7±0.5 | 117.5±1.5 | <0.001 | 71.0±0.2 | 79.4±0.4 | 85.8±0.4 | 95.8±0.7 | 110.2±2.7 | <0.001 | |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 90.4±0.4 | 93.2±0.6 | 96.4±0.7 | 104.5±3.7 | 100.6±2.9 | <0.001 | 89.7±0.3 | 93.0±0.9 | 94.7±1.1 | 104.6±2.5 | 105.4±5.7 | <0.001 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.32±0.01 | 5.42±0.02 | 5.50±0.02 | 5.84±0.14 | 5.91±0.13 | <0.001 | 5.31±0.011 | 5.38±0.026 | 5.48±0.036 | 5.82±0.078 | 5.95±0.225 | <0.001 | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 112.4±0.6 | 115.7±0.6 | 119.9±0.6 | 125.2±1.5 | 126.2±2.4 | <0.001 | 104.0±0.4 | 106.6±0.8 | 110.7±0.8 | 119.8±1.5 | 122.1±2.3 | <0.001 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.1±0.5 | 75.0±0.5 | 78.4±0.5 | 82.8±1.1 | 81.3±2.5 | <0.001 | 69.0±0.3 | 69.6±0.6 | 72.7±0.6 | 80.0±1.1 | 82.0±1.6 | <0.001 | |
| TC (mg/dL) | 184.5±2.0 | 189.6±2.1 | 197.5±1.7 | 200.1±3.6 | 192.6±7.5 | <0.001 | 186.2±1.2 | 190.7±2.7 | 194.8±2.3 | 200.5±5.2 | 191.5±12.9 | <0.001 | |
| TG (mg/dL) | 103.2±4.4 | 120.8±5.0 | 159.9±6.4 | 194.9±13.5 | 157.1±13.5 | <0.001 | 79.2±1.5 | 107.5±5.8 | 120.6±4.7 | 162.9±9.8 | 129.7±11.5 | <0.001 | |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.4±0.6 | 50.8±0.6 | 47.3±0.5 | 43.3±1.0 | 41.7±1.4 | <0.001 | 61.6±0.5 | 55.3±0.9 | 54.3±1.0 | 47.0±1.2 | 46.5±2.5 | <0.001 | |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 125.6±6.3 | 114.3±6.6 | 122.3±3.1 | 128.4±5.2 | 123.9±10.4 | 0.532 | 100.7±9.3 | 108.0±7.4 | 119.5±6.6 | 135.1±10.4 | 171.1±19.0 | 0.002 | |
| ALT (IU/L) | 21.2±0.8 | 27.7±1.5 | 38.8±1.3 | 57.3±4.7 | 72.9±9.6 | <0.001 | 14.1±0.6 | 17.2±1.1 | 20.8±1.5 | 44.7±6.7 | 33.8±6.1 | <0.001 | |
| Total energy (kcal/d) | 2,458±60 | 2,395±68 | 2,368±53 | 2,499±133 | 2,162±222 | 0.295 | 1,700±28 | 1,778±50 | 1,660±50 | 1,867±111 | 1,766±158 | 0.399 | |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 53.9±0.7 | 52.8±0.8 | 52.2±0.7 | 51.2±1.5 | 52.7±2.8 | 0.043 | 54.9±0.5 | 54.6±0.9 | 54.5±1.2 | 54.4±1.8 | 55.2±2.4 | 0.732 | |
| Protein (%) | 15.7±0.3 | 16.2±0.3 | 16.3±0.3 | 16.9±0.6 | 15.7±1.0 | 0.119 | 15.4±0.2 | 15.3±0.4 | 15.8±0.5 | 16.6±0.8 | 15.8±0.9 | 0.112 | |
| Fat (%) | 26.6±0.5 | 26.4±0.6 | 25.6±0.5 | 26.9±1.1 | 26.7±1.8 | 0.548 | 26.7±0.4 | 27.1±0.8 | 25.8±0.8 | 26.0±1.3 | 27.7±2.2 | 0.503 | |
Values are presented as mean value±standard error.
BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; BP, blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.
aP-values obtained using a general linear model.