Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overweight and obesity according to demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors from the Group 2
| Variable | Male by BMI category (kg/m2) | Female by BMI category (kg/m2) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23.0–24.9 | 25.0–29.9 | 30.0–34.9 | ≥35.0 | ≥25.0 | 23.0–24.9 | 25.0–29.9 | 30.0–34.9 | ≥35.0 | ≥25.0 | ||
| Age (y) | |||||||||||
| 30–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 19–29 | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.82 (0.55–1.23) | 0.64 (0.35–1.18) | 0.57 (0.17–1.93) | 0.78 (0.54–1.14) | 0.77 (0.44–1.34) | 0.64 (0.40–1.03) | 0.48 (0.19–1.18) | 1.45 (0.38–5.53) | 0.62 (0.40–0.97) |
|
| Education | |||||||||||
| >12 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| ≤12 years | 0.94 (0.66–1.36) | 0.94 (0.66–1.34) | 1.20 (0.69–2.09) | 3.43 (1.06–11.13) |
1.04 (0.74–1.47) | 1.45 (0.94–2.23) | 1.66 (1.14–2.41) |
1.77 (0.98–3.23) | 1.45 (0.41–5.14) | 1.72 (1.23–2.40) |
|
| Married | |||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.04 (0.66–1.64) | 1.88 (1.23–2.88) |
1.10 (0.58–2.08) | 1.07 (0.28–4.04) | 1.68 (1.13–2.51) |
1.47 (0.86–2.51) | 1.03 (0.63–1.68) | 0.68 (0.27–1.73) | 1.70 (0.51–5.67) | 0.99 (0.63–1.53) | |
| Occupation | |||||||||||
| Office job | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Labor job/none | 0.80 (0.55–1.18) | 0.83 (0.76–1.42) | 1.15 (0.67–1.96) | 1.06 (0.36–3.15) | 0.88 (0.62–1.25) | 1.23 (0.84–1.82) | 1.60 (1.11–2.30) |
1.60 (0.97–2.62) | 0.43 (0.12–1.48) | 1.44 (1.05–1.98) |
|
| Income | |||||||||||
| Middle to high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Low | 0.81 (0.39–1.67) | 1.80 (1.03–3.15) |
0.51 (0.17–1.57) | 2.44 (0.75–7.99) | 1.57 (0.91–2.69) | 1.08 (0.51–2.26) | 0.81 (0.40–1.62) | 1.03 (0.33–3.20) | 1.32 (0.17–10.19) | 0.90 (0.48–1.68) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.52 (1.02–2.27) |
1.59 (1.10–2.30) |
0.94 (0.51–1.73) | 0.53 (0.23–1.23) | 1.35 (0.94–1.93) | 0.92 (0.63–1.35) | 0.77 (0.53–1.11) | 0.67 (0.38–1.17) | 0.22 (0.06–0.78) |
0.69 (0.49–0.96) |
|
| Smoking status | |||||||||||
| Never smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Ex-smoker | 1.73 (1.13–2.65) |
1.33 (0.88–1.99) | 2.21 (1.12–4.36) |
1.03 (0.35–3.03) | 1.43 (0.97–2.10) | 1.19 (0.71–2.01) | 0.72 (0.39–1.33) | 2.01 (0.90–4.53) | 3.06 (0.87–10.68) | 1.05 (0.60–1.82) | |
| Current smoker | 1.09 (0.73–1.61) | 1.12 (0.78–1.62) | 1.34 (0.72–2.51) | 1.17 (0.44–3.14) | 1.13 (0.80–1.62) | 0.68 (0.32–1.43) | 1.22 (0.67–2.22) | 1.81 (0.77–4.28) | 1.58 (0.42–5.87) | 1.31 (0.77–2.22) | |
| Physical activity | |||||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| No | 1.12 (0.77–1.62) | 1.01 (0.73–1.40) | 0.89 (0.53–1.50) | 0.93 (0.34–2.54) | 0.99 (0.72–1.37) | 1.12 (0.78–1.60) | 0.90 (0.62–1.30) | 0.69 (0.38–1.24) | 0.52 (0.17–1.61) | 0.80 (0.59–1.10) | |
| Skipping breakfast | |||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 0.71 (0.50–1.01) | 0.73 (0.52–1.03) | 0.72 (0.41–1.27) | 1.94 (0.76–4.99) | 0.80 (0.57–1.11) | 1.12 (0.77–1.63) | 1.31 (0.90–1.89) | 0.94 (0.50–1.75) | 0.62 (0.18–2.14) | 1.16 (0.83–1.61) | |
| High stress level | |||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 0.99 (0.67–1.47) | 2.00 (1.41–2.85) |
1.10 (0.62–1.96) | 2.05 (0.81–5.20) | 1.84 (1.31–2.59) |
1.21 (0.85–1.74) | 1.97 (1.36–2.85) |
1.35 (0.74–2.46) | 1.41 (0.48–4.11) | 1.78 (1.28–2.47) |
|
Values were obtained using multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, education, marital status, occupation, income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, breakfast consumption, and stress level.
BMI, body mass index.
*P<0.05.