Korean J Fam Pract. 2017; 7(6): 824-829  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2017.7.6.824
Relationship between Skipping Meals and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Non-Diabetic Korean Adults
Hyo-Sun You, Jun-Hyuk Lee, Won-Jun Choi, Ji-Won Lee*
Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Ji-Won Lee
Tel: +82-2-2019-3481, Fax: +82-2-3462-8209
E-mail: INDI5645@yuhs.ac
Received: March 3, 2017; Revised: August 22, 2017; Accepted: September 18, 2017; Published online: December 20, 2017.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Regular eating patterns play a crucial role in blood glucose control and irregular eating habits, particularly skipping breakfast, have been reported to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study examined the correlation between skipping meals and impaired fasting glucose among non-diabetic adults, as part of a wider aim to reduce the risk of developing diabetes through educational programs targeting eating-habits.
Methods: This study was based on data derived from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-1, 2), 2013–2014, Koera Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and involved 6,731 non-diabetic adults between 19 and 64 years of age. Participants were categorized into a skipping meal group (SMG) and a non-SMG, according to their eating habits. To assess the correlation between eating habits and impaired fasting glucose we performed complex sample logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, exercise, income, occupation, marital status, and education.
Results: The incidence of impaired fasting glucose was higher in the SMG (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.58) than in the Non-SMG (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Among non-diabetic adults, irregular eating patterns increased the risk of developing impaired fasting glucose, a recognized risk factor for T2DM. Educational strategies promoting regular eating patterns may contribute to the prevention of T2DM.
Keywords: Skipping Meal; Impaired Fasting Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Non-Diabetic Group
References
  1. Kerver JM, Yang EJ, Obayashi S, Bianchi L, Song WO. Meal and snack patterns are associated with dietary intake of energy and nutrients in US adults. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106: 46-53.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  2. Ahn HJ, Han KA, Koo BK, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Park KS, et al. Analysis of meal habits from the viewpoint of regularity in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. Korean Diabetes J 2008; 32: 68-76.
    CrossRef
  3. Tabák AG, Herder C, Rathmann W, Brunner EJ, Kivimäki M. Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development. Lancet 2012; 379: 2279-90.
    CrossRef
  4. Forouhi NG, Luan J, Hennings S, Wareham NJ. Incidence of type 2 diabetes in England and its association with baseline impaired fasting glucose: the Ely study 1990-2000. Diabet Med 2007; 24: 200-7.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  5. Nathan DM, Davidson MB, DeFronzo RA, Heine RJ, Henry RR, Pratley R, et al. Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: implications for care. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 753-9.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  6. Gerstein HC, Santaguida P, Raina P, Morrison KM, Balion C, Hunt D, et al. Annual incidence and relative risk of diabetes in people with various categories of dysglycemia: a systematic overview and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 78: 305-12.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  7. Carlson O, Martin B, Stote KS, Golden E, Maudsley S, Najjar SS, et al. Impact of reduced meal frequency without caloric restriction on glucose regulation in healthy, normal-weight middle-aged men and women. Metabolism 2007;56: 1729-34.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  8. Mekary RA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Eating patterns and type 2 diabetes risk in men: breakfast omission, eating frequency, and snacking. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95: 1182-9.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  9. Uemura M, Yatsuya H, Hilawe EH, Li Y, Wang C, Chiang C, et al. Breakfast skipping is positively associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus:evidence from the aichi workers' cohort study. J Epidemiol 2015; 25: 351-8.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  10. Choi HM, Han K, Park YG, Park JB. Associations among oral hygiene behavior and hypertension prevalence and control: the 2008 to 2010 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. J Periodontol 2015; 86:866-73.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  11. Voronova NV, Nikitin AG, Chistiakov AP, Chistiakov DA. Skipping breakfast is correlated with impaired fasting glucose in apparently healthy subjects. Cent Eur J Med 2012; 7: 376-82.
    CrossRef
  12. Nakajima K, Suwa K. Association of hyperglycemia in a general Japanese population with late-night-dinner eating alone, but not breakfast skipping alone. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14: 16.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  13. Rui L. Energy metabolism in the liver. Compr Physiol 2014; 4: 177-97.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  14. Mekary RA, Giovannucci E, Cahill L, Willett WC, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Eating patterns and type 2 diabetes risk in older women: breakfast consumption and eating frequency. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98: 436-43.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  15. Odegaard AO, Jacobs DR Jr, Steffen LM, Van Horn L, Ludwig DS, Pereira MA. Breakfast frequency and development of metabolic risk. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 3100-6.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  16. Seo JS, Kim SY, Choi SH, Park HG, Lim KY. Relationship between breakfast skipping and prediabetes risk in non-diabetic adults. Korean J Fam Pract 2016; 6: 464-9.
    CrossRef
  17. Korean Diabetes Association. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes fact sheet in Korea 2012 [Internet]. Seoul: Korean Diabetes Association; 2012. [cited 2017 Aug 22].
    Available from: http://www.diabetes.or.kr/temp/KDA_fact_sheet%202016.pdf

This Article


Services
Social Network Service

e-submission

Archives