Korean J Fam Pract 2020; 10(2): 123-128  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2020.10.2.123
Associations of Physical Activity and Sitting Time with Serum Vitamin D Status in Korean Adults: Results from the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jeemin Choo1, Ga Eun Nam1,*, Jisoon Park1, Chan Mi Park1, Sang Jo Lee1, Miji Lee1, Jooyeon Kim1, Jong Hoon Shin1, Youn Huh2, Wonsock Kim1, Yeongkeun Kwon1, Yang-Hyun Kim1, Kyung-Hwan Cho1
1Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul; 2Department of Family Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
Ga Eun Nam
Tel: +82-2-920-5104, Fax: +82-2-928-8083
E-mail: namgaaa@daum.net
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-9904
Received: September 5, 2019; Revised: February 18, 2020; Accepted: February 22, 2020; Published online: April 20, 2020.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence has reported the relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) insufficiency and chronic diseases. This study examined the association of physical activity and sitting time with vitamin D status.
Methods: This study analyzed the data of 1,598 adults aged ≥19 who participated in the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as a serum 25(OH)D level of ≤20 ng/mL. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of vitamin D insufficiency according to physical activity and sitting time were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results: The mean levels of serum 25(OH)D were 16.5 ng/mL in males and 15.2 ng/mL in females, respectively and was significantly higher in the participants with sitting times of <5 hours/day than those with sitting times of ≥5 hours/day. After adjusting for confounding variables, sitting time of <5 hours/day was associated with decreased odds of vitamin D insufficiency as compared with sitting time of ≥5 hours/day in the total participants and females. In addition, the odds ratio for vitamin D insufficiency was significantly lower in the group with sitting times of <5 hours/day than in the group with sitting times of ≥5 hours/day even among people with low physical activity in the total participants and females.
Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D level was insufficient in the Korean adults and shorter sitting time was related to lower odds ratio of vitamin D insufficiency. Our findings suggest that sitting time is an independent factor of serum vitamin D status.
Keywords: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Vitamin D; Physical Activity; Sitting Time; Korean
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