Korean J Fam Pract 2020; 10(4): 307-313  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2020.10.4.307
The Effect of Housing Unaffordability on the Incidence of Depression in Korean Adults: Focusing on Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
Kyu Hong Hwang, Min Ji Kim, Ji Min Park, Seung Wan Hong, Young Sung Suh, Dae Hyun Kim*
Department of Family Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
Dae Hyun Kim
Tel: +82-53-250-7263, Fax: +82-53-250-7071
E-mail: dhkim@dsmc.or.kr
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7313-2384
Received: March 9, 2020; Revised: May 26, 2020; Accepted: May 31, 2020; Published online: August 20, 2020.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: This study examined the effect of housing affordability on the incidence of depression in Korean adults aged 45 years and above using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA).
Methods: Five-year data from wave two to wave six of the KLoSA provided by the Ministry of Labor were used. In the first year of KLoSA in 2006, among those who did not suffer from depression, ones who had one or more of the survey data from the second to the sixth were analyzed. generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis and chi-square test were used as data processing methods.
Results: According to the 2010 data, out of 4,606 people, 3,558 (77.3%) were in the affordable group, and 1,048 (22.8%) in the experienced overburden group. The result of regression analysis with controlling general characteristics as covariates showed that the experienced overburden group had a higher incidence of depression than the affordable group. A longitudinal analysis of housing affordability and incidence of depression for five years revealed no significant difference in the incidence of depression. However, the overall share of overburden experience increased steadily. A comparison of the incidence of depression between the affordable and experienced overburden groups in each year showed that the incidence of depression was statistically higher each year.
Conclusion: Housing affordability increases the incidence of depression, and eight years of data indicated depression in the experienced overburden group to be higher than the affordable group.
Keywords: Housing Affordability; Schwabe Index; Depression; Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging
References
  1. Shaw M. Housing and public health. Annu Rev Public Health 2004; 25: 397418.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  2. Yoo BS, Jeong KH. Determinants of housing cost burden for low income tenants: focusing on difference between chonsei and monthly rental household. J Reg Stud Dev 2017; 26: 1-38.
  3. Oh SA. The effect of housing affordability on depression: focusing on moderating effect of housing tenure [dissertation]. Seoul: Seoul National Univ.;2018. Korean.
  4. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Korea Housing Survey, 2018. Sejong: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport; 2019.
  5. Kim DB, Yoo BS, Shin SM. The effects of housing poverty on the depression of the elderly: the mediating effect of social service. J Korean Gerontol Soc 2012; 32: 1041-61.
  6. Bowen EA, Mitchell CG. Homelessness and residential instability as covariates of HIV risk behavior among residents of single room occupancy housing. J HIV AIDS Soc Serv 2016; 15: 269-83.
    CrossRef
  7. Bentley R, Baker E, Mason K, Subramanian SV, Kavanagh AM. Association between housing affordability and mental health: a longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative household survey in Australia. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174: 753-60.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  8. Kiosses DN, Gross JJ, Banerjee S, Duberstein PR, Putrino D, Alexopoulos GS. Negative emotions and suicidal ideation during psychosocial treatments in older adults with major depression and cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25: 620-9.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  9. Bruce ML, Ten Have TR, Reynolds CF 3rd, Katz II, Schulberg HC, Mulsant BH, et al. Reducing suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in depressed older primary care patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291:1081-91.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  10. Lim SH. The determinants of housing affordability. Korean J Soc Welf 2016;68: 29-50.
    CrossRef
  11. Kwak IS, Kim SM. A study on the total housing cost of households living in rental house. J Korean Home Econ Assoc 1999; 37: 127-44.
  12. Hyundai Research Institute. Weekly Economic Review, 2017. Seoul: Hyundai Research Institute; 2017.
  13. Cho HJ, Kim MJ. The effective variables of housing burden for middle and old aged household in Korea. Consum Policy Educ Rev 2014; 10: 19-37.
  14. Kwon GW. A study on the determinants of housing expenditure burden considering family life cycle. Hous Stud Rev 2016; 24: 49-69.
  15. Irwin M, Artin KH, Oxman MN. Screening for depression in the older adult: criterion validity of the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 1701-4.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  16. Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS, Lee HY. Comparison of diagnostic validities between MMSE-K and K-MMSE for screening of dementia. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2003; 42: 124-30.
    CrossRef
  17. Burgard SA, Seefeldt KS, Zelner S. Housing instability and health: findings from the Michigan recession and recovery study. Soc Sci Med 2012; 75:2215-24.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  18. Park SY, Lee CK. The socioeconomic factors of older generations’ depression. J Korean Public Policy 2016; 18: 3-27.
  19. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Korea Housing Survey, 2016. Sejong: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport; 2016.
  20. Song HJ, Shin WR. The analysis on the relationship between household debts and married women’s labor supply. J Labour Econ 2017; 40: 37-68.
  21. Park JM, Heo YC, Oh UC, Yoon SK. Changes in physical and mental health as a function of substandard housing conditions and unaffordable housing. Korean J Soc Welf 2015; 67: 137-59.
    CrossRef


This Article

e-submission

Archives