Korean J Fam Pract 2020; 10(6): 443-447  https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2020.10.6.443
Relationship of Calcium–Magnesium Ratio in Hair with Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Triglyceride/High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio among Overweight or Obese Korean Individuals: A Pilot Study
Hyo Young Sim, Sun Young Jung, Yong Jae Lee, Byoungjin Park*
Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 
Byoungjin Park
Tel: +82-31-5189-8763, Fax: +82-31-5189-8567
E-mail: bjpark96@yuhs.ac
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-5301
Received: May 21, 2020; Revised: October 29, 2020; Accepted: November 22, 2020; Published online: December 20, 2020.
© The Korean Academy of Family Medicine. All rights reserved.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background: The interaction between calcium and magnesium as a risk modifier for insulin resistance may be largely overlooked because the strict regulatory system in blood has been thought to maintain such homeostatic interactions under tight control. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the calcium-magnesium ratio in hair with the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) and triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio (TG/ HDL ratio) among overweight or obese Korean individuals.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 56 participants fulfilling the inclusion criterion of a body mass index of 23 kg/m2 or more. Intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured by fat measurement computed tomography, while calcium and magnesium levels were measured by hair mineral analysis. A high TyG index and a high TG/HDL ratio were defined as >9.3 and >4.0, respectively (>75th percentile). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we examined the associations between the TyG index, TG/HDL ratio, and calcium–magnesium ratio in hair.
Results: The mean age, body mass index, and VAT were 45.3 years, 28.5 kg/cm2, and 137.4 cm2, respectively. Compared to the controls, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for a high TyG index and a high TG/HDL ratio were 16.03 (1.32–194.23) and 9.98 (1.05–94.98) per one increment of log (calcium-magnesium ratio), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, visceral adipose tissue, white blood cell count, total cholesterol, hypertension medication, diabetes medication, and dyslipidemia medication.
Conclusion: We found that the calcium-magnesium ratio in hair was positively and independently associated with the TyG index and TG/HDL ratio.
Keywords: Calcium; Magnesium; Hair Analysis; Triglyceride Glucose Index; Triglyceride/HDL-Cholesterol Ratio
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